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HR Flashcards

1
Q

Name rage different types of acts protecting human rights

A 
The equality act 2010
Employment rights act 1996
Health and safety at work act 1974
Minimum wage act 1998
Data protection act 1998
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2
Q

What factors does the equality act protect

A 
Sex/pregnancy
Race 
Disability 
Sexual orientation
Age
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3
Q

Describe the equality act

A

A number of different pieces of legisaltation were combined into one new law in 2010 this new act States that people must be treated fairly regardless of their backround this covers both employees and customers of the business

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4
Q

In what way are you protected under the employment rights act 1996

A

Employment contract
Itemised wage slip
Redundancy
Unfair dismissal

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5
Q

What is the health and safety at work act

A

Piece of legislation that aims to raise the standard of health and safety in the workplace for all workers and members of the public who’s safety may be at risk by the actions of the people at work

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6
Q

What duties does the employer have in the health and safety at work act

A

Machinery is properly maintained
Hazardous substances are dealt with properly
Staff are trained properly

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7
Q

What is the employees duties in the health and safety at work

A

Employees are expected to behave in a reasonable manner and co-operate with employers to ensure that all requirements are met

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8
Q

What is the data protection act

A

With more and more information being collected electronically it is important that safeguards are in place to ensure that this remains secure the DPA is in place for this there are 8 principles that need to be followed

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9
Q

What are the 8 principles in the data protection act

A

All information is fairly and lawfully processed
Processed for limited purposes
Information collected is adequate relevant and not excessive
Kept accurate and up to date
Not kept longer than necessary
Processed in line with data subject rights
Kept secure
Not transferred out of Europe without permission

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10
Q

What is internal recruitment

A

Organisations advertise the job vacancy within the buisness which means that only existing members of staff can apply this could be done brought posting information on notice boards or via staff email

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11
Q

What is external recruitment

A

When an organisation offers the job vacancy to both those working within the organisation already and out with the organisation for example in newspapers or on the website or various websites

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12
Q

What is the advantages of internal recruitment

A

Vacancy can be filled quickly

Successful candidate knows how the organisation works
The organisation. Knows the strengths of the applicant for the job

Money can be saved in the recruitment process as there are no external advertising fees

staff are already known to the business

less training is required as existing staff already know the organisation

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13
Q

What is the disadvantages of internal recruitment

A

Field of candidates are restricted the best candidate for the job may not already work for the organisation

No existing employees may have the skills required for the job

there is no ‘fresh blood’ being brought to the organisation with new ideas for the business

Conflict may occur with existing employees competing for a job as staff may feel ‘passed over’ when another member of staff is promoted

Higher salaries may be required

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14
Q

What is the advantages of external recruitment

A

there is a wider range of applicants with new ideas that can be brought to the organisation

Large pool of people to pick from

Recruitment agencies can assist with filling agencies

it may be quicker to move the business along in terms of expansion

if employees have relevant experience they may not need much training

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15
Q

What is the disadvantages of using external recruitment

A

Existing employees who do not get the job may feel demotivated
It is costly to recruit through a newspaper or website or using an agency

The successful applicant is unknown to the organisation so ultimately may be the wrong candidate for the job

new employees may take a while to become familiar with the organisation

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16
Q

What is an appraisal

A

This is a formal meeting between the employer and the employee where performance is discussed
Normally occurs once a year and is documented
Employee received feedback and has the opportunity to evaluate their own performance

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17
Q

What. Is the advantage of using an appraisal

A

Allows for high quality employees to be identified
Allows for employees to be praised on performance
Positive appraisals can be motivating for the employee
Targets identified
Opportunities and CPD can be identified
areas such as character and leadership skills are measured
employees are more relaxed than in a formal appraisal so are more receptive to advice
employees may relax more and react better to a review given by a colleague
a complete profile of the employee is gained

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18
Q

What is the disadvantage of using an appraisal

A

Some employees do not see worth in it
Negative appraisals can be demotivating
Takes time out of work to complete
Can result in increased workload if lots of development needs are identified
personal relationship between peers could result in the appraisal being ineffective
time constraints can limit the quality of responses from so many people in the organisation
informal appraisals can become too informal and advice may not be taken on board
no record of feedback or targets is kept
some employees may find it difficult to be critical of their employees
bias could wrongly highlight an employee for a pay rise or a promotion

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19
Q

What is the purpose of continual professional development

A

Staff development is important in an organisation being able to provide a high quality product service
CPD allows for employees to gain new skills whilst they progress through their career
Training can be aimed at meeting the objectives set by the organisation

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20
Q

What is a virtual learning environment (VLE)

A

Technology has allowed organisations the opportunity to participate in CPD. Through virtual learning facilities these are specific password protected websites that people can log into

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21
Q

What is the advantages of a virtual learning environment

A 
It can be accessed at anytime and from any location 
Large numbers of people can access it 
It is easy to update 
Environmentally friendly
Allows for interaction
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22
Q

What are training schemes

A

There are a wide range of work based qualifications that an employee can work towards these may be accessed in house or by a training provider

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23
Q

What is the advantages of training schemes

A

Recognised qualification can be gained
Training takes place on the job mostly
Qualified assessors verify qualifications
Skilled staff benefit the business

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24
Q

What is the disadvantage of training schemes

A

Can be time consuming
Employees may not be motivated to work towards qualifications
Costs money to enter people for qualifications

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25
Q

What are the 4 types of employee relations

A

Motivated employees
Staff turnover
Absense
Change

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26
Q

Name 6 types of motivation strategies that can be used

A 
Providing a fair wage
Empowerment
Incentives
Open door policy
Temporary contract
CPD
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27
Q

What does working practice result in Ian increase of

A

Increase In jobs within the service sector
Part time and temporary contracts
More women in the workplace
Home and teleworking

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28
Q

What will working practices result in a decrease of

A

Primary and secondary sector jobs have decreased

Full time permanent jobs

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29
Q

What is the advantages of flexible working

A

Ability to keep talented staff who are suited by this
Reduction in absenteeism
Better work/life balance
Reduction in commuting- environmentally friendly

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30
Q

What is the disadvantages of flexible working

A 
Possible lack of managerial fpdirection 
Lack of team working 
Employees need to be disciplned and motivated
Potential communication problems
Less overhead costs
31
Q

What are the two different types of flexible working

A

Flexi time

Home working

32
Q

What is flexi time

A

Employees can finish and start when they want as long as they are on premises for core hours and are working their contracted hours per week this allows them to work up extra holidays due to working longer hours

33
Q

What is home working

A

Employees are working at home or other premises rather than an office

34
Q

What is the 3 leadership theories

A

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez faire

35
Q

Describe the autocratic leadership theory

A

Links to mcgregors X and Y where there is tight control and the leader has absolute authority subordinates are not consulted in decisions and upward communication in the hierarchy is discouraged

36
Q

What is the advantage of using autocratic leadership

A

Quick decision making is made
Employees get direct assistance from the leader
Inexperienced employees can be motivated through the experience of the leader

37
Q

What is the disadvantage of using autocratic leadership

A 
Lack of input from employee
Encourages a blame culture
Employees do not get an opportunity to develop  
Totally dependent on one leader
Poor motivation of staff
38
Q

What is the democratic leadership theory

A

In this style there is good communication between the leader and the employee any decision the leader makes involves consultation and justification achievement is encouraged and recognised

39
Q

What is the advantages of using democratic leadership

A

Increase employee engagement and motivation
Greater job satisfaction occurs through empowerment
Employees better prepared for promotion
Change is easier

40
Q

What is the disadvantage of using democratic leadership

A

This style may not be suitable for employees that require supervision
De motivation may result if employees are only involved in small decisions
Decision making process takes time

41
Q

Describe the laissez-faire leadership theory

A

Employees have a free reign with minimal interference from management in the work of the employees for this to be a success a very competent leader is required to set the wheels in motion

42
Q

What are the advantages of using lasses-faire. Leadership theory

A

Large amounts of trust amongst staff
Increased motivation
Less need for management
Leads to less managerial costs

43
Q

What are the disadvantages of using laissez-faire leadership theory

A

This can lead to high pressure and stress amongst employees.
Little control can lead to poor quality output
Employees may look for higher wages due to their added responsibility

44
Q

Describe the mcgregor X and Y formula

A

McGregor proposed that there are two types of manager either x or Y

45
Q

What is the X viewpoint of managers

A

Negative viewpoint on employees
Workers try and avoid what is asked
Employees have no drive and no interest in responsibility
Tim control excersised

46
Q

What is the Y viewpoint of mcgregors view of managers

A

Looks positively on employees
Work provides people with a purpose
Employees work towards shared goals
Opportunities for development can arise

47
Q

What is the definition of work force planning

A

Ensuring that the right workers are available at the right time it is important that you have both the right quantity of staff and that they have the right skills for what you need

48
Q

Describing analysing demand in work force planning

A

Analyse the demand for the goods and services the organisation offers from. This it needs to be decided what staff are needed to meet the demand
PESTEC factors should be considered

49
Q

Describe analysing workforce in work force planning

A

The current workforce is analysed to determine what is available and what gaps need to be filled can we develop current staff to fill these?

50
Q

How can the gaps be closed in work force planning

A

Recruiting and selecting new staff
Training existing staff
Retaining staff through motivation methods

51
Q

How can ICT be used in the management of people

A

Internet can be used to advertise vacancies online
Video conferencing for interviews
Email can be used to arrange appraisals and training
ICT can be used for home and teleworking

52
Q

Name different types of testing

A 
Psychometric testing 
Medical testing
Fitness testing 
Attainment testing
Intelligence testing
Aptitude testing
53
Q

What is attainment testing

A

This allows to show that they have a specific skill a typing test may be given to see how many words that they can type per minute

54
Q

What is fitness testing

A

Sole roles require the applicant to hold a certain level of fitness candidates are out through a number of different tests to gauge this roles that have this in the selection process include emergency services

55
Q

What is medical testing

A

A doctor or nurse will asses the health of an applicant and whether they are physically able to do a certain job this could be eyesight for people who wish to become pilots

56
Q

name 5 selection methods

A 
interview
presentation
role play
group interviews
team building tasks
application forms
57
Q

describe the selection method interview

A

candidates will be invited for an interview and an interview panel will be formed. During the interview each panel member will assess the candidates answers to a set list of questions and their overall performance. After interviewing all the candidates the panel will assess the best performance and fit for the business

58
Q

describe the selection method presentation

A

candidates may be asked to give a presentation to the panel. this could involve using a flip chart or a computer and data projector the topic of the presentation would usually be given to the candidate in advance.

59
Q

describe the selection method role play

A

candidates may be asked to take part in a scenario that shows how they react in different situations. such as dealing with a difficult customer. The role play is designed to show the strengths, weaknesses and personality of the candidates.

60
Q

describe the selection method group interviews

A

candidates may be asked to take part in a group interview. this allows the business to see who emerges as a natural leader , but also to see how candidates react with one another.

61
Q

describe the selection method team building tasks

A

candidates may be asked to work as part of a team to a solve a particular problem they would be expected to work together to come up with an acceptable solution. this tests candidates team-working skills such as listening giving instructions, following instructions and interpersonal skills.

62
Q

name 5 of the 6 stages of the recruitment process

A

1 identify a job vacancy

  1. conduct a job analysis
  2. prepare a job description
  3. prepare a person specification
  4. advertise the vacancy internally and externally
  5. send out application forms / ask for CV.
63
Q

what type of motivation methods does theory y suggest

A 
staff appraisals
recognition
development opportunities
empowerment
employee participation
worker director
works council
quality circles
64
Q

what type of motivation methods does theory x suggest

A 
fair pay
commission
over time
good working conditions
offer permanent contracts
65
Q

give a description of workforce planning

A

the size and personell in a workforce is constantly changing therefore it is the managers responsibility to recruit new employees or remove existing ones

66
Q

give reasons why new staff may be needed for workforce planning

A
  • increasing demand for existing products
  • developing new products to satisfy demand
  • opening new stores
  • entering new market
  • business needs to respond to flexible working arrangements
67
Q

give reasons as to why existing staff may need to be removed in workforce planning

A

fall in sales / demand
employees take up a position with competitors or other local employees
retirement, sick leave , maternity leave
the business needs employees with new skills

68
Q

what is the first step in workforce planning

A

know the strategic business objectives

69
Q

what is the second step in workforce planning

A

analyse the labour market

70
Q

what is the third step in workforce planning

A

analyse the business demand

71
Q

what is the 4th step in workforce planning

A

analyse the existing workforce

72
Q

what must be included in a job analysis

A

the main physical and mental elements of the job;
the specific skills that are required;
who the job holder would be responsible for;
who they would be responsible to;
the location where they will work;
the main health and safety considerations

73
Q

what must be included in a job description

A

the job title;
the overall purpose of the job;
the main tasks and responsibilities;
what decision-making powers they have;
who they are responsible for and to, and who they will work with;
the skills, qualifications, and experience required to do the job;
where the job will be based;
the resources required to do the job;
conditions of service such as details of pay and conditions available to the post holder; hours of work, and holiday entitlement.

74
Q

what should be included in a person specification

A

what physical attributes the successful candidate should have in respect of personal appearance, etc.;
what skills, educational qualifications, training and experience the candidate should have;
what level of intelligence is needed;
what kind of personality is preferred;
what special skills are required.

Buisness (6 decks)

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