HR Flashcards
Name rage different types of acts protecting human rights
The equality act 2010 Employment rights act 1996 Health and safety at work act 1974 Minimum wage act 1998 Data protection act 1998
What factors does the equality act protect
Sex/pregnancy Race Disability Sexual orientation Age
Describe the equality act
A number of different pieces of legisaltation were combined into one new law in 2010 this new act States that people must be treated fairly regardless of their backround this covers both employees and customers of the business
In what way are you protected under the employment rights act 1996
Employment contract
Itemised wage slip
Redundancy
Unfair dismissal
What is the health and safety at work act
Piece of legislation that aims to raise the standard of health and safety in the workplace for all workers and members of the public who’s safety may be at risk by the actions of the people at work
What duties does the employer have in the health and safety at work act
Machinery is properly maintained
Hazardous substances are dealt with properly
Staff are trained properly
What is the employees duties in the health and safety at work
Employees are expected to behave in a reasonable manner and co-operate with employers to ensure that all requirements are met
What is the data protection act
With more and more information being collected electronically it is important that safeguards are in place to ensure that this remains secure the DPA is in place for this there are 8 principles that need to be followed
What are the 8 principles in the data protection act
All information is fairly and lawfully processed
Processed for limited purposes
Information collected is adequate relevant and not excessive
Kept accurate and up to date
Not kept longer than necessary
Processed in line with data subject rights
Kept secure
Not transferred out of Europe without permission
What is internal recruitment
Organisations advertise the job vacancy within the buisness which means that only existing members of staff can apply this could be done brought posting information on notice boards or via staff email
What is external recruitment
When an organisation offers the job vacancy to both those working within the organisation already and out with the organisation for example in newspapers or on the website or various websites
What is the advantages of internal recruitment
Vacancy can be filled quickly
Successful candidate knows how the organisation works
The organisation. Knows the strengths of the applicant for the job
Money can be saved in the recruitment process as there are no external advertising fees
staff are already known to the business
less training is required as existing staff already know the organisation
What is the disadvantages of internal recruitment
Field of candidates are restricted the best candidate for the job may not already work for the organisation
No existing employees may have the skills required for the job
there is no ‘fresh blood’ being brought to the organisation with new ideas for the business
Conflict may occur with existing employees competing for a job as staff may feel ‘passed over’ when another member of staff is promoted
Higher salaries may be required
What is the advantages of external recruitment
there is a wider range of applicants with new ideas that can be brought to the organisation
Large pool of people to pick from
Recruitment agencies can assist with filling agencies
it may be quicker to move the business along in terms of expansion
if employees have relevant experience they may not need much training
What is the disadvantages of using external recruitment
Existing employees who do not get the job may feel demotivated
It is costly to recruit through a newspaper or website or using an agency
The successful applicant is unknown to the organisation so ultimately may be the wrong candidate for the job
new employees may take a while to become familiar with the organisation
What is an appraisal
This is a formal meeting between the employer and the employee where performance is discussed
Normally occurs once a year and is documented
Employee received feedback and has the opportunity to evaluate their own performance
What. Is the advantage of using an appraisal
Allows for high quality employees to be identified
Allows for employees to be praised on performance
Positive appraisals can be motivating for the employee
Targets identified
Opportunities and CPD can be identified
areas such as character and leadership skills are measured
employees are more relaxed than in a formal appraisal so are more receptive to advice
employees may relax more and react better to a review given by a colleague
a complete profile of the employee is gained
What is the disadvantage of using an appraisal
Some employees do not see worth in it
Negative appraisals can be demotivating
Takes time out of work to complete
Can result in increased workload if lots of development needs are identified
personal relationship between peers could result in the appraisal being ineffective
time constraints can limit the quality of responses from so many people in the organisation
informal appraisals can become too informal and advice may not be taken on board
no record of feedback or targets is kept
some employees may find it difficult to be critical of their employees
bias could wrongly highlight an employee for a pay rise or a promotion
What is the purpose of continual professional development
Staff development is important in an organisation being able to provide a high quality product service
CPD allows for employees to gain new skills whilst they progress through their career
Training can be aimed at meeting the objectives set by the organisation
What is a virtual learning environment (VLE)
Technology has allowed organisations the opportunity to participate in CPD. Through virtual learning facilities these are specific password protected websites that people can log into
What is the advantages of a virtual learning environment
It can be accessed at anytime and from any location Large numbers of people can access it It is easy to update Environmentally friendly Allows for interaction
What are training schemes
There are a wide range of work based qualifications that an employee can work towards these may be accessed in house or by a training provider
What is the advantages of training schemes
Recognised qualification can be gained
Training takes place on the job mostly
Qualified assessors verify qualifications
Skilled staff benefit the business
What is the disadvantage of training schemes
Can be time consuming
Employees may not be motivated to work towards qualifications
Costs money to enter people for qualifications
What are the 4 types of employee relations
Motivated employees
Staff turnover
Absense
Change
Name 6 types of motivation strategies that can be used
Providing a fair wage Empowerment Incentives Open door policy Temporary contract CPD
What does working practice result in Ian increase of
Increase In jobs within the service sector
Part time and temporary contracts
More women in the workplace
Home and teleworking
What will working practices result in a decrease of
Primary and secondary sector jobs have decreased
Full time permanent jobs
What is the advantages of flexible working
Ability to keep talented staff who are suited by this
Reduction in absenteeism
Better work/life balance
Reduction in commuting- environmentally friendly
What is the disadvantages of flexible working
Possible lack of managerial fpdirection Lack of team working Employees need to be disciplned and motivated Potential communication problems Less overhead costs
What are the two different types of flexible working
Flexi time
Home working
What is flexi time
Employees can finish and start when they want as long as they are on premises for core hours and are working their contracted hours per week this allows them to work up extra holidays due to working longer hours
What is home working
Employees are working at home or other premises rather than an office
What is the 3 leadership theories
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez faire
Describe the autocratic leadership theory
Links to mcgregors X and Y where there is tight control and the leader has absolute authority subordinates are not consulted in decisions and upward communication in the hierarchy is discouraged
What is the advantage of using autocratic leadership
Quick decision making is made
Employees get direct assistance from the leader
Inexperienced employees can be motivated through the experience of the leader
What is the disadvantage of using autocratic leadership
Lack of input from employee Encourages a blame culture Employees do not get an opportunity to develop Totally dependent on one leader Poor motivation of staff
What is the democratic leadership theory
In this style there is good communication between the leader and the employee any decision the leader makes involves consultation and justification achievement is encouraged and recognised
What is the advantages of using democratic leadership
Increase employee engagement and motivation
Greater job satisfaction occurs through empowerment
Employees better prepared for promotion
Change is easier
What is the disadvantage of using democratic leadership
This style may not be suitable for employees that require supervision
De motivation may result if employees are only involved in small decisions
Decision making process takes time
Describe the laissez-faire leadership theory
Employees have a free reign with minimal interference from management in the work of the employees for this to be a success a very competent leader is required to set the wheels in motion
What are the advantages of using lasses-faire. Leadership theory
Large amounts of trust amongst staff
Increased motivation
Less need for management
Leads to less managerial costs
What are the disadvantages of using laissez-faire leadership theory
This can lead to high pressure and stress amongst employees.
Little control can lead to poor quality output
Employees may look for higher wages due to their added responsibility
Describe the mcgregor X and Y formula
McGregor proposed that there are two types of manager either x or Y
What is the X viewpoint of managers
Negative viewpoint on employees
Workers try and avoid what is asked
Employees have no drive and no interest in responsibility
Tim control excersised
What is the Y viewpoint of mcgregors view of managers
Looks positively on employees
Work provides people with a purpose
Employees work towards shared goals
Opportunities for development can arise
What is the definition of work force planning
Ensuring that the right workers are available at the right time it is important that you have both the right quantity of staff and that they have the right skills for what you need
Describing analysing demand in work force planning
Analyse the demand for the goods and services the organisation offers from. This it needs to be decided what staff are needed to meet the demand
PESTEC factors should be considered
Describe analysing workforce in work force planning
The current workforce is analysed to determine what is available and what gaps need to be filled can we develop current staff to fill these?
How can the gaps be closed in work force planning
Recruiting and selecting new staff
Training existing staff
Retaining staff through motivation methods
How can ICT be used in the management of people
Internet can be used to advertise vacancies online
Video conferencing for interviews
Email can be used to arrange appraisals and training
ICT can be used for home and teleworking
Name different types of testing
Psychometric testing Medical testing Fitness testing Attainment testing Intelligence testing Aptitude testing
What is attainment testing
This allows to show that they have a specific skill a typing test may be given to see how many words that they can type per minute
What is fitness testing
Sole roles require the applicant to hold a certain level of fitness candidates are out through a number of different tests to gauge this roles that have this in the selection process include emergency services
What is medical testing
A doctor or nurse will asses the health of an applicant and whether they are physically able to do a certain job this could be eyesight for people who wish to become pilots
name 5 selection methods
interview presentation role play group interviews team building tasks application forms
describe the selection method interview
candidates will be invited for an interview and an interview panel will be formed. During the interview each panel member will assess the candidates answers to a set list of questions and their overall performance. After interviewing all the candidates the panel will assess the best performance and fit for the business
describe the selection method presentation
candidates may be asked to give a presentation to the panel. this could involve using a flip chart or a computer and data projector the topic of the presentation would usually be given to the candidate in advance.
describe the selection method role play
candidates may be asked to take part in a scenario that shows how they react in different situations. such as dealing with a difficult customer. The role play is designed to show the strengths, weaknesses and personality of the candidates.
describe the selection method group interviews
candidates may be asked to take part in a group interview. this allows the business to see who emerges as a natural leader , but also to see how candidates react with one another.
describe the selection method team building tasks
candidates may be asked to work as part of a team to a solve a particular problem they would be expected to work together to come up with an acceptable solution. this tests candidates team-working skills such as listening giving instructions, following instructions and interpersonal skills.
name 5 of the 6 stages of the recruitment process
1 identify a job vacancy
- conduct a job analysis
- prepare a job description
- prepare a person specification
- advertise the vacancy internally and externally
- send out application forms / ask for CV.
what type of motivation methods does theory y suggest
staff appraisals recognition development opportunities empowerment employee participation worker director works council quality circles
what type of motivation methods does theory x suggest
fair pay commission over time good working conditions offer permanent contracts
give a description of workforce planning
the size and personell in a workforce is constantly changing therefore it is the managers responsibility to recruit new employees or remove existing ones
give reasons why new staff may be needed for workforce planning
- increasing demand for existing products
- developing new products to satisfy demand
- opening new stores
- entering new market
- business needs to respond to flexible working arrangements
give reasons as to why existing staff may need to be removed in workforce planning
fall in sales / demand
employees take up a position with competitors or other local employees
retirement, sick leave , maternity leave
the business needs employees with new skills
what is the first step in workforce planning
know the strategic business objectives
what is the second step in workforce planning
analyse the labour market
what is the third step in workforce planning
analyse the business demand
what is the 4th step in workforce planning
analyse the existing workforce
what must be included in a job analysis
the main physical and mental elements of the job;
the specific skills that are required;
who the job holder would be responsible for;
who they would be responsible to;
the location where they will work;
the main health and safety considerations
what must be included in a job description
the job title;
the overall purpose of the job;
the main tasks and responsibilities;
what decision-making powers they have;
who they are responsible for and to, and who they will work with;
the skills, qualifications, and experience required to do the job;
where the job will be based;
the resources required to do the job;
conditions of service such as details of pay and conditions available to the post holder; hours of work, and holiday entitlement.
what should be included in a person specification
what physical attributes the successful candidate should have in respect of personal appearance, etc.;
what skills, educational qualifications, training and experience the candidate should have;
what level of intelligence is needed;
what kind of personality is preferred;
what special skills are required.
