HPT

Question 0

Bosentan

Answer 0

• endothelin1 has A & B receptor
• bosentan is ET-1 A receptor
• contraindication: pregnancy
• side effect : hypotension, tachycardia, flushing(vasodilator)

Question 1

Treatment for pulmonary hypertension

Answer 1

Bosentan
Epoprostenol
Sildenfil

Question 2

Epoprostenol

依前列醇

Answer 2

• post
• prostacyclin (PGI2)
• infusion pumps

Question 3

Sildenafil

喜多分

Answer 3

• powerful Viagra
• inhibit TYPE V PDE(磷酸二酯酶）
• ⬆️cGMP

Question 4

angiotensinogen~kidney renin~angiotensin I / bradykinin
( liver) (Angiotensin
Converting E)
➡️angiotensin II
Adrenal cortex. Blood vessel
Aldosterone Constriction

Answer 4

• Aliskiren
• ACEI
• ARBs

Question 5

ACEI

Answer 5

• “prils” captopril

- prevent bradykinin degradation

Question 6

ARBs

Answer 6

• losartan

- “sartan”

Question 7

Aliskiren

Answer 7

-Renin inhibitor

Question 8

ACEI/ARB/Aliskiren uses?

Side effects?

Answer 8

• mild to moderate HPT
• protective of diabetic nephropathy (ARB / ACEI)
• CHF (ARB/ACEI)

Side effects:

• ACEI dry cough
• hyper kalemia
• acute renal failure*
• angioedema
• CI:pregnancy

Question 9

Calcium channel blocker

Answer 9

• Verapamil, diltiazem, dihydropyridines(nifedipine)
• L-type Ca2+ channels in heart n blood vessels
• decrease intracellular Ca2+
• decrease CO(verapamil,diltiazem), decrease TPR(all)

Question 10

CCBs selectivity

Answer 10

Heart: verapamil

Blood vessel:nifedipine (-depines)

Both:diltiazem

Question 11

CCB uses？

Answer 11

• HPT
• angina
• antiarrhythmic ( verapamil & diltiazem )

Question 12

Side effects of CCB

Answer 12

• Reflex tachycardia
• gingival hyperplasia (phenytoin)
• constipation( verapamil )

Question 13

Drugs that Open ATP Dependent potassium channels

Answer 13

Minoxidil/diazoxide

Question 14

Uses of minoxidil & diazoxide

Answer 14

• Sever HPT
• hypertensive emergency
• baldness!!!!!

Question 15

side effect of potassium channels:you

Answer 15

• Hypertrichosis (minoxidil)
• Hyperglycemia（decrease insulin release，diazoxide）
• edema
• reflex tachycardia

Question 16

drugs acting through Nitric Oxide

Answer 16

• Hydralazine(肼苯达嗪）

- nitroprusside（硝普钠）

Question 17

hydralazine

Answer 17

-⬇️TPR via arteriolar dilation
-moderate-severe HPT
-side effect:
SLE Like syndrome, slow acetylator
Edema
Reflex tachycardia

Question 18

Nitroprusside

Answer 18

• ⬇️TPR via dilation of both arterioles and venules
• htp emergency ( DOC for IV)
• side effect:cyanide toxicity（ co-administered with nitrites and thiosulfate )

Question 19

Sympathetic activity drugs

Answer 19

• Clonidine/ methyldopa (a2 agonist)
• reserpine/guanethidine (interfere with storage vesicles）
• a1 blocker , b blocker

Question 20

Clonidine / methyldopa

Answer 20

-⬇️sym outflow
-⬇️TPR also ⬇️HR
USE: mild-moderate HPT
opiate withdrawal (clonidine)
Hypertensive management in pregnancy (methyldopa)
Side effect:+Coombs test(methyl)
-CNS depression
-Edema
-TCA ⬇️antihypertensive effects go a2 agonist

Question 21

Reserpine

Answer 21

• ⬇️CO & TPR
• ⬇️NE&dopamine&serotonin in CNS
• side effect: depression,edema,increase gastrointestinal secretions

Question 22

Guanethidine:

Answer 22

• accumulated into nerve endings
• bunds vesicles
• inhibits NE release
• side effect: diarrhea, edema
• drug interaction: TCA block reuptake and action of guanethidine