HPS111 - Week 3 Flashcards
What are the three elements of emotions?
- Affective Component (mood, feelings, attitudes)
- Behavioural Component (responses to environment)
- Cognitive (thoughts)
Difference between expressive and instrumental behaviours, using examples of each.
Expressive behaviours: are those that signal what emotion we’re feeling; frowning, smiling, eyes widening. They’re explicit representation’s of our internal emotional state.
Instrumental behaviours: by contrast aren’t about signalling what emotions we’re feeling but doing something about the emotion we’re feeling.
Outline the difference between affect and mood.
Affect: refers to an immediate emotion.
Mood: refers to a more stable, longer term phenomenon.
Why are emotions considered to be a primitive psychological concept?
Things that are driven by evolutionary processes should be present in pretty much all of us, in pretty much the same way.
Describe what is meant by “cultural display rules”?
The idiosyncratic ways emotion is expressed within cultures.
What are the three basic drives described? Why are these important?
Eat, Pray, Love
Eat: drive to find food.
Pray: drive to avoid becoming food.
Love: drive to reproduce.
Outline the two general purposes for emotions and provide some examples of emotions that best display these two purposes.
Emotion is physiologically adaptive.
Fear, Surprise, Disgust.
Fear/Surprise: both eyes widening and a certain amount of retreat. Eyes widen allowing more light and information about what is happening and the retreat to give yourself more time to process it.
Disgust: Construction of facial features (eg expired Milk). We screw our face in disgust to not inhale things that will make us sick.
apply to both being disgusted by food and social disgust; insular cortex and basal ganglia.
Why might men and woman experience jealousy differently?
Because men and woman have different degrees of parential investment and certainty.
Woman (increase)emotional infidelity as needs help to raise child.
Men (increase) sexual infidelity as don’t want to raise a non-biological child.
What is the connection between disgust and morality?
Pathogens
Some people consider morality a type of social disgust. Reactions people have to have to “immoral behaviour” are similar to that of disgust – this is only weak evidence.
There are regions of the brain that are associated with classic, pathogen disgust that are also active in response to socio-moral disgust, not all the same regions to the same extent, but some definite similarities.
Finally, testing peoples disgust sensitivity (how quickly and extreme people respond to disgusting things) – pathogen disgust sensitivity is associated with socio-moral disgust sensitivity. The more you’re disgusted about sickness things, then more disgusted you’d likely be about socio-moral things.
Describe the two types of fear response and the corresponding neural pathways.
Fast Fear and Slow Fear.
Fast:
Fast reaction, it goes straight from your thalamus to the amydala by passing our thinking cortext.
Immediate response to a stimulus with a panic response.
Slow:
An emotional relaction after you have thought about what’s going on around you, this is slow or cognitively mediated emotional pathway.
Sensory information is coming in a section of your brain called the thalamus and in slow fear the information get passed into our corext the thinking part of your brain and then down to your amygdala where your fear reaction gets kicked off from.
What are the key elements of the James-Lange theory of emotions?
Theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli ( you feel sad because you’re crying)
For someone to feel emotion, he/she must first experience bodily responses.
eg:
- Dog barking
- increased heart rate, sweating, quickness of breath
- fear, anxiety.
Cannon-Bard theory?
A theory of emotion proposing that emotion is determined from simultaneously occurring physiological arousal, behavioural responses, and cognitive appraisal.
How does the Cannon-Bard theory relate to the James-Lange theory?
Both theories include a stimulus, interpretation of stimulus, a sort of arousal, and an emotion experienced.
However, the Cannon-Baird theory states that the arousal and emotion are expereinced at the same time.
James-Lange Theory states that first comes the arousal and then the emotion.
Cannon-Bard / James-Lange Theories
Explain what is meant by “arousal” and “appraisal” in the context of emotion.
The arousal component is our physiological response. This tells us how much emotion we are feeling; how strongly we feel about something.
The appraisal is the cognitive labelling this is how we decide what we’re feeling. If you have been given the advice that if you feel anxious you should tell yourself that you’re excited instead, then you’re familiar with this distinction because that advice is telling you to engage in cognitive reappraisal, to relabel that arousal that you are already experiencing.
These two components are the two factors that make up the Schachter-Singer to factor theory of emotion.
What is the circumplex model of emotion?
