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HPL Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Competence is based on?

A

KSA

Knowledge, Skills, Attitude

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2
Q

8 Core Competencies are?

A 
Application of procedures
Communication 
Flight path management with automation
Manual flight path management 
Leadership and teamwork
Problem solving and decision making
Situational awareness
Workload management
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3
Q

What is sensory threshold?

A

Above which the intensity of a stimulus is sufficient to generate a response

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4
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

Decrease of response due to repeated exposure

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5
Q

What is sensory habituation?

A

Signals trigger progressively smaller responses. Takes place in the CNS.

If you’re habituated you may no longer notice the stimulus eg stall warner

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6
Q

Normal pulse rate is?

A

70 bpm

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7
Q

Normal cardiac output is?

A

5.2L per min

Heart rate x stroke volume

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8
Q

Normal blood pressure is?

A

120 / 80 mm Hg

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9
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Relative motion and position

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10
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Fine muscle movement

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11
Q

Pressure receptors

A

Sense pressure on skin

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12
Q

Humans able to compensate of hypoxia up to?

A

10,000 - 12,000 ft

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13
Q

Hypoxic thresholds are?

A

Reaction - 7,000ft
Disturbance - 12,000ft
Critical - 22,000ft

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14
Q

Short term memory is affected above around?

A

5,000ft

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15
Q 
Time of useful consciousness at:
20,000ft
30,000ft
35,000ft
40,000ft
A

20,000ft - 30 min
30,000ft - 1 - 2 min
35,000ft - 30 - 90 sec
40,000ft - 12 - 20 sec

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16
Q

Min partial pressure of diffusion is?

A

55 mm Hg

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17
Q 
Oxygen breathing levels:
0 - 10,000ft
10 - 33,700ft
33,7 - 40,000ft
Above 40,000ft
A

0 - 10,000ft - air only
10 - 33,700ft - air and oxygen mix
33,7 - 40,000ft - 100% oxygen
Above 40,000ft - oxygen under pressure

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18
Q

Tidal volume is around?

A

500 ml

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19
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume is around?

A

3,100 ml

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20
Q

Expiratory reserve volume is around?

A

1,200 ml

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21
Q

Residual reserve volume is around?

A

1,200 ml

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22
Q

Proportion of gasses is constant until?

A

70,000 ft

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23
Q

Bends is what?

A

Bubbles in joints

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24
Q

Creeps is what?

A

Bubbles under skin

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25
Q

Chokes is what?

A

Bubbles in capillaries

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26
Q

Staggers is what?

A

Bubbles in brain

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27
Q

During hyperventilation the blood becomes?

A

More alkaline due to lack on carbonic acid/ CO2

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28
Q

Don’t fly within 12 and 24 hours of?

A

Diving:

12 hours
Or
24 hours of diving below 30ft

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29
Q

Decompression sickness can occur at what alt?

A

18,000 - 25,000ft

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30
Q

Cones are for?

A

Colour and detail

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31
Q

Rods are for?

A

Night and peripherals

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32
Q

Dark to light adaption takes?

A

10 sec

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33
Q

Light to dark adaption

A

9 mins for cones

30 mins for rods

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34
Q

Monocular vision is?

A

One eyed

Hard to perceive depth

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35
Q

Stereoscopic vision is?

A

Difference in perspective between eyes for depth perception

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36
Q

Shortsightedness/ Myopia is?

A

Can’t focus on distant objects

Corrected with concave

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37
Q

Long sightedness/ hyperopia/ hypermetropia is?

A

Can’t focus on close objects

Corrected with convex

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38
Q

Astigmatism is?

A

Imperfection of curvature of cornea

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39
Q

Presbyopia is?

A

Age related long sightedness

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40
Q

NIHL above what?

A

Above 90 dB

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41
Q

Utricle detects?

A

Horizontal accelerations

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42
Q

Saccule detects?

A

Vertical accelerations

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43
Q

Otoliths detect?

A

Lines accelerations, located at end of semi circular canals

Also sense gravity

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44
Q

Body temp is the most significant implication on?

A

Sleep

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45
Q

What are 5 stages of sleep?

A
  1. Drowsiness
  2. Light sleep
  3. Deeper sleep
  4. Deep sleep
  5. REM sleep
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46
Q

If in new time zone for LESS than 24 hours you should?

A

Maintain home time

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47
Q

If in new time zone for MORE than 24 hours you should?

A

Adjust to new time zone

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48
Q

Travelling EAST results in?

A

Worse dysrhythmia

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49
Q

Samatogravic illusion is?

A

When accelerating forwards you get illusion of climbing

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50
Q

Samatogyral illusion is?

A

Illusion of rotating when body is stationary

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51
Q

Leans caused by?

A

Reducing bank angle after a prolonged turn

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52
Q

Paradoxical sleep is?

A

Stage 5

Refreshes the brain

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53
Q

Orthodox sleep is?

A

Stage 3 and 4

Refreshes the body

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54
Q

How of sleep percentage is stage 2?

A

50% and around 4 stages

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55
Q

Circadian rhythm acclimatisation is?

A

1 day for every 90 mins of jet lag

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56
Q

Eustachian tube connects what part of the ear to the throat?

A

Middle ear

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57
Q

Linea accelerations are?

A

Inc / dec speed

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58
Q

Angular accelerations are?

A

g when pitching

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59
Q

Alcohol limit is

A

20 mg per 100 ml

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60
Q

Alcohol elimination

A

1 unit per hour

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61
Q

Recommended max caffeine

A

250 - 300 mg per day

2 - 3 cupa of coffee

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62
Q

SMS is there to?

A

Define how the organisation is set up to manage risks
Identify workplace risks and implement suitable controls
Implement effective communication across all levels of the organisation

63
Q

What is the sensory threshold?

A

Above the sensory threshold a stimuli is sensed

64
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Sensed information is used to construct a perception. Eg touching a desk

65
Q

Top down processing

A

A hypothesis is made and information is sought to back it up. This involves comparing information with past experience and knowledge. Eg building a mental picture of traffic over the radio

66
Q

Once created mental models are?

A

Rigid and unsuceptible to change

67
Q

Flichering lights jfrom strobes can induce.

A

Dizziness and vertigo

68
Q

Perception is

A

Subjective

69
Q

Vision, equilibrium, proprioception and hearing provide

A

Spacial orientation

70
Q

Haze makes you think you are

A

Further away

71
Q

Lack of texture can cause

A

False height perception

72
Q

Up sloping runway makes you think you are

A

High

Therefore leads to too low of an approach and undershoot

73
Q

Down sloping runway makes you think you are

A

Low

Therfore too steep and approach and overshoot

74
Q

Narrow runway

A

Too high illusion

Shallow and undershoot

75
Q

Wide runway

A

Too low illusion

Therefore too steep approach and overshoot

76
Q

The leans

A

Turning in opposite direction after leveling or while leveling after a prolonged turn

77
Q

Autokinesis is?

A

The perception that aircraft tend to jump from one place to another while flying at night

78
Q

Black hole effect

A

Occus when there are few lights surrounding a runway and leads to a dangerously low visual approach

79
Q

Coriolis illusion

A

False sense of tumbling when rapidly moving your head in IMC, exacerbating disorientation

80
Q

Somatogyral

A

False sense of spinning

81
Q

G related issusions are also called

A

Seat of the pants, avoided by trusting instruments

82
Q

Enpty field myopia

A

Where you focus a few meters ahead therefore don’t spot other aircraft

83
Q

An error chain is

A

Sequence of cumulative errors

84
Q

Vigilance

A

Sustained attention

85
Q

Selected attention

A

Select information from many factors and focus one that one source

86
Q

Divided attention

A

Focusing on two or more stimuli at once also known as multi tasking

87
Q

Hypovigilance

A

Low level of vigilance

88
Q

3 types of memory store are

A

Sensory store, short term (working) and long term

89
Q

Sensory store

A

Holds unprocessed information from the senses for brief periods

90
Q

Short term (working) memory

A

Holds 5 +- 2 partially processed bit of information

Sensitive to interuption

Impruved by chunking

Think of remembering long ATC clearance

91
Q

Long term memory is divided into

A

Semantic and episodic memory

92
Q

Semantic memory

A

General knowledge of the world and language
Highly structured and organised
Never really lost

93
Q

Episodic memory

A

Events or episodes or places we have been

For example fist solo

94
Q

Amnesia is

A

Inability to re call or recognise events from episodic memory

95
Q

4 types of learning

A

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, insight (cognitive learving) and modelling

96
Q

Classical learning is

A

Learning by association which is subconscious

97
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Conscious change of behaviour

eg changing the way you flare

98
Q

Insight (cognitive learning)

A

Drawing insights from pieces of knowledge and extrapolating from them

Eg a stall on final would be fatal without having to do it

99
Q

Modelling

A

Imitating and reproducing behaviour

100
Q

The 3 phases of aquiring a new skill are

A

CAA

Cognitive phase - consciously developing parts of a skill
Associative phase - linking component parts via practice and feebback
Autonomous - skill becomes automatic

101
Q

Motor program is

A

A highly coordinated set of muscle actions

102
Q

Mental schema

A

Recall and recognition

They reduce the amount of processing time required but can be difficult to change

Eg recognising exam questions

103
Q

Rasmussen SRK model

A

Skill - smooth execution of highly practiced physical actions
Rule - actions based of rules which have been learned
Knowledge - construction of own response as a result of experience eg Sully

104
Q

Under pressure pilots tend to result to

A

Revert to Rule mode of SRK which can result in poor task execution

105
Q

Action slip

A

Intention was correct but there was a failure of execution

Error

Eg flaps instead of gear

106
Q

Mistake

A

Incorrect intention

Error

107
Q

Violation

A

Intentional deviation from what is knows to be the correct action

Can be routine (eg not doing checklists) or exceptional (eg in case of emergency)

108
Q

Omission

A

Forgetting or missing an action or step

109
Q

Fault

A

To do with hardware and systems

110
Q

Active error

A

Short lived and have an immediate effect

Eg wrong frequency

111
Q

Latent error

A

Errors which lay dorment

Eg cut back or lower quality pilot training

112
Q

Environmental capure

A

Doing something because it is routine and familliar

Eg selecting flap when its a flapless landing

113
Q

Decision making process is

A

D E C I D E

Define aim
Explore options
Consider risks
Identify priorities
Do it
Evaluate
114
Q

Risky shift

A

A more risky decision is make as a result of a group

115
Q

Risk asessment factors

A

Identifying potential threats, probability of the threat occuring, consiquence of the threat

116
Q

Co action

A

All crew members working towards same aim but not necessarily communicating

117
Q

Synergy

118
Q

Cohesion

A

How tightly knit a group is

119
Q

Groupthink

A

Where the desire to reach a unanimous decision overrides rational decision making

120
Q

Paternalistic

A

Discourages attempts by juniors

Status conscious

121
Q

Ideal pilot leadership style

A

Balance between task orientation and people orientation

P+ G+

122
Q

How much non verbal communication

123
Q

Explicit communication

A

Clear intentions

124
Q

Implicit communication

A

Subtly conveys a message

125
Q

Intrapersonal conflict

A

Within yourself

126
Q

Interpersonal conflict

A

Between people

127
Q

Stages of conflict escalation

A
  1. Problem to be solved
  2. Difference of opinion
  3. Confrontation
  4. Flight or flight
  5. Combat
128
Q

Personality results from

A

Genes and upbringing

129
Q

Attitude

A

Behaviours in respect to things and situations

130
Q

Behaviour

A

A result of personality and attitude

131
Q

Ideal pilot personality is

A

Stable extrovert

Hans Eysenck model

132
Q

If an underconfident FO…

A

Gets promoted to captain they can be aggressive if challenged

133
Q

Hazardous attitudes

A 
Invulnerable - can’t happen to me
Machno - no one as good as me
Impulsive
Complacency
Anti-authoritarian 
Resignation - give up, everything pointless
Careless
134
Q

Response to stress is

A

GAS - general adaptation syndrome

135
Q

Yorkes Dodson curve

A

Inverted U is to do with stress and plots arousal and performance.

Peak performance at the peak of the U

136
Q

Stress is a result of

A

Percieved demands and perceived ability

137
Q

High levels of stress may result in

A

High levels of anxiety

138
Q

3 phases of GAS

A

ARE

Alarm - brief initial shock which produces adrenaline
Resistance - lasts longest a releases cortisone, incleases blood flow
Exhaustion - fat reserves used up and drop in blood sugar level

139
Q

3 reactions of stress

A

Physiological - restlessness, nervousness, anxiety
Psychosomatic - coronary heart desease, ulcers, permanently raised blood pressure
Somatic - alarm reaction

140
Q

Stress coping strategies

A

Action - remove the stressor
Information seeking - understanding and predicting stress
Inhibition - deal with it/ suck it up
Pallitive coping - relaxation techniques
Obtaining support

141
Q

Irony of automation

A

The more reliable the system, the less pilots have to do so the less attention they pay

142
Q

TEM consists of

A

Threats - external

Errors - internal

Undesired aircraft states

143
Q

Threats consist of

A

LEO

Latent - incorrect sop, published alt, same warning for different faults
Environmental - weather, high traffic
Organisational - culture, commercial oressures

144
Q

Errors consist of

A

PAC

Procedural - reading wrong checklist
Aircraft handling - failure to maintain altitude
Communication - incorrectly hearing new frequency

145
Q

SHELL components

A

Software - policies, procedures, computer programs
Hardware - aircraft systems
Environmental - weather
Liveware - people

Determine the reliability and proneness or errors in the cockpit

146
Q

Open culture

A

Allows mistakes to be reported without risk of sanctions

147
Q

Closed culture

A

Mishaps are silenced and published

148
Q

Elements of culture

A

I JUST LOVE FLYING ROBINS - NOT

Informed - collects info and publishes
Just
Learning
Flexible
Reporting
National - cultural norms eg North Korea and salience
149
Q

Reasons swiss cheese model

A

Holes in defences allign to open an accident trajectory

150
Q

SMS

A

Identify hazards and mitigate them

151
Q

SMS elements

A

Define how the organisation is set up to manage riks
Identify workplace risks and suitable controls
Implement effective communication accross all levels of the organisation

RAPP

Risk management
Assurance
Promotion
Policy and objectives

152
Q

A lapse is

A

When you get distracted and you do not complete a tast/ ommit a task

153
Q

Error management strategies

A

Prevention, reduction, detection, recovery and tolerance

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