HPL - Flight Safety Concepts

Question 1

What is a threat?

Answer 1

• External events beyond the flight crew’s control
• Increases operational complexity
• Needs to be managed to maintain margins of safety

Question 2

Threats can be…

Answer 2

• Anticipated
• Unexpected
• Latent (hidden)

Question 3

What can a threat be categorised into?

Answer 3

• Environmental (weather, terrain, ATC, airport conditions)
• Organisational (A/C tech, dispatch, ops pressure)

Question 4

What is an error?

Answer 4

• Action or inaction by the flight crew
• Leads to deviation from ops and organisational intentions

Question 5

Types of Errors

Answer 5

• Procedural (Unclear briefs, wrong docs)
• A/C handling (Ground nav, automation)
• Comms error ( ATC, missed call, pilot to pilot)

Question 6

Undesired Aircraft State

Answer 6

Misapplication of flight controls, incorrect systems configuration, causes reduction in safety margins

Question 7

Countermeasures

Answer 7

• Used in order to prevent threats, errors and UASs from reducing safety margins

Question 8

Crew Resource Managment

Answer 8

• Avoid
• Trap
• Mitigate

Question 9

Planning countermeasures

Answer 9

Essential for managing anticipated and unexpected threats

Question 10

Execution countermeasures

Answer 10

Essential for error detection and error response

Question 11

Review countermeasures

Answer 11

Essential for managing the changing conditions of a flight

Question 12

SHELL model

Answer 12

• Software - Charts, manuals
• Hardware - Controls, switches, levers
• Environment
• Liveware - Interface between organisation
• Liveware - Flight crew

Question 13

Safety culture

Answer 13

Culture which is defined but attitudes and beliefs that employees share

Open & closed cultures

Question 14

National culture

Answer 14

Safety is a subsection and is influenced by national culture

Question 15

Just culture

Answer 15

It is neither no-blame nor non-punitive