HPE

Question 1

3 basic categories of skill ?

Answer 1

Cognitive (brain), perceptual (interpret) & motor (physical movement).

Question 2

Motor skills ?

Answer 2

Gross, fine, open, closed, discrete, serial & continuous.

Question 3

Difference between fine and gross ?

Answer 3

Fine is small movements that use the small muscles, however is nuggets movements that use larger muscles.

Question 4

Difference between open and closed ?

Answer 4

Open occurs on environment that is highly unpredictable, however closed occurs in a highly predictable environment.

Question 5

motor program ?

Answer 5

A series of subroutines organised into the correct sequence and timing to perform a movement.

Question 6

example of motor program ?

Answer 6

the subroutine of an overheard serve

Question 7

two major approaches to motor learning ?

Answer 7

cognitive systems approach & dynamic systems approach.

Question 8

steps to information processing ?

Answer 8

Input > processing > output.

Question 9

cognitive systems approach ?

Answer 9

Where improvement occurs as the result of feedback following the process of input, information processing and output.

Question 10

phases of motor learning (Fitts and Posner model) ?

Answer 10

Cognitive, associative and autonomous.

Question 11

Fitts and Posner 67 ?

Answer 11

A gradual process, whereby the learner moves through in a linear process.

Question 12

dynamic systems approach ?

Answer 12

where motor learning is not considered linear in nature; detached, learning is non-linear as an individuals performance progresses and regresses.

Question 13

Newell 1991 ?

Answer 13

stage 1 - assembling a coordination patter, stage 2 - gaining control of a coordination structure, stage 3 - skilled optimisation of control.

Question 14

factors that affect motor learning ?

Answer 14

perceptual, technical, tactical, physiological, physical and physiological factors.

Question 15

constraints ?

Answer 15

enables the emergence of movement behaviours or affordances.

Question 16

movement patterns that exist due to three factors (Newell) ?

Answer 16

Individual, environment and task.

Question 17

individual constraints?

Answer 17

structural and functional.

Question 18

task constraints ?

Answer 18

Rules, implements and goals.

Question 19

environmental constraints ?

Answer 19

physical environment, light, temperature, gravity etc.

Question 20

importance of newell’s model ?

Answer 20

It reflects the dynamic, constantly changing intersections in motor development. It looks at the individual in different ways.

Question 21

types of practices ?

Answer 21

massed, distributed, whole and part practice.

Question 22

difference between massed and distributed practice ?

Answer 22

Massed is where the skill is practiced constantly and continuously, which is suitable for highly skilled and motivated athletes. However, distributed practice consists of short and frequent practice sessions.

Question 23

difference between whole and part practice ?

Answer 23

Whole is practicing the skill as a whole, whereas part is breaking the skill into small parts to practice.

Question 24

factors that affect motor learning progress ?

Answer 24

Injury, age, height, accessibility to coaching and equipment, skill level, exposure to a sport at a young age, gender, influence, reaction time etc.

Question 25

rate limit ?

Answer 25

Technician, physical, perceptual, tactical, psychological, physiological.

Question 26

types of feedback ?

Answer 26

Intrinsic, extrinsic, concurrent and terminal feedback.

Question 27

Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 27

Intrinsic feedback is feedback that comes from within, such as self-assessing and self-correcting. However, extrinsic is feedback from others such as a coach, which comes in the form of visual or verbal guidance.

Question 28

difference between concurrent and terminal feedback ?

Answer 28

Concurrent can be intrinsic or extrinsic, it is information a performer receives about their performance during the activity. However terminal feedback is information a performer receives about their performance after the activity has been completed.

Question 29

two main forms of feedback ?

Answer 29

Knowledge of performance and knowledge of results.

Question 30

knowledge of performance ?

Answer 30

Subjective feedback a performer receives regarding the quality of their movement or technique.

Question 31

knowledge of results ?

Answer 31

Objective feedback which provides the performer with information regarding the success of their performance in achieving a desired outcome.

Question 32

three main functions of feedback ?

Answer 32

to motivate performer, change performance and reinforce learning.