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Health and Physical Assessment > HPA > Flashcards

HPA Flashcards

1
Q

huntington chorea

A

sudden jerky movements

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2
Q

ecchymosis

A

discoloration of the skin due from bleeding underneath. (bruising)

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3
Q

carotenemia

A

presence of the orange pigment carotene in the blood from excessive intake of carrots or other vegetables.

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4
Q

erythema

A

superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches.

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5
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

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6
Q

pallor

A

unhealthy pale appearance

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7
Q

juandice

A

yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. arising from the excess of the pigment bilirubin.

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8
Q

vitiligo

A

pigment is lost from areas of skin, causing whitish patches

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9
Q

hemangioma

A

a benign tumor of blood vessel, often forming a red birthmark

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10
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue

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11
Q

neurofibroma

A

a tumor formed on a nerve cell sheath, frequently symptomless but occasionally malignant

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12
Q

xerosis

A

abnormally dry skin

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13
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating,

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14
Q

polyuria

A

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

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15
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete absence or hair

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16
Q

hirsutism

A

abnormal growth of hair on a persons face and body

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17
Q

koilonychia

A

spoon nails, nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic anemia,

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18
Q

hydrocephalus

A

a condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain, enlarging the head

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19
Q

torticollis

A

condition in which the head becomes persistently turned to one side

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20
Q

goitre

A

swelling of the neck resulting from the enlargement of the thyroid gland.

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21
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid due to paralysis or disease

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22
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the ear, passage of the outer ear

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23
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the ear, of the inner ear

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24
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing or buzzing in the ears

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25
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty or discomfort in swallowing

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26
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth

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27
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips

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28
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose

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29
Q

polyp

A

a small growth, typically benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucous membrane.

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30
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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31
Q

Three types of abdominal shapes

A

flat, scaphoid (skinny), distended (protruding)

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32
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Normal abdominal muscles

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33
Q

Diastasis recti

A

abdominal muscles separated down the middle.

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34
Q

Reasons for Abdominal Distention

A
  • Fluid
  • Fibroid
  • Fetus
  • Fat
  • feces
  • fatal growth
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35
Q

Normal Findings for Bowel Sounds

A

5-30 times per minute
high pitched sounds
hear in all quadrants.

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36
Q

Abnormal findings for Bowel Sounds

A

Absent/hypoactive - decreased motility and possible obstruction

Hyperactive- increased motility and possible diarrhea/etc

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37
Q

Venous Hum-medium pitched sound when listening to aorta

A

Indicates obstructed portal circulation

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38
Q

Friction Rub’s

A

High pitched process that cause the visceral layers of the peritoneum to rub together.

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39
Q

Liver span >12 cm can indicate

A
  • hepatomegaly
  • cirrhosis
  • tumor/cyst
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40
Q

Liver span

A

-pregnancy

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41
Q

Liver percussion tenderness may indicate

A

cholecystitis (inflammation of gallbladder) or hepatitis(inflammation of liver)

42
Q

Kidney percussion tenderness may indicate

A

pyelonephritis(kidney infection)

43
Q

Splenic percussion

A

Dullness > 8 cm line or from 6th to 10th rib.

Should not be palpable - indicates splenic enlargement

44
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

Push on liver during exhale, indicated problem with gall bladder

45
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

Pushing down on LLQ and feeling pain in the RLQ. Indicates appendicitis.

46
Q

Ilopsoas muscle test

A

Has patient flex hips/ bring legs up against resistance. If pain, indicates appendicitis.

47
Q

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

A

Causes: Esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Delayed esophageal/gastric emptying. Hiteal Hernia.

Manifestations:
Heartburn, Wheeze, Nausea, Vomiting

Complications: inflammation and ulcer in esophagus.

48
Q

Kidney Stones

A

development of crystallized molecules in the kidney
Calcium, uric acid

Risks factors: fluid loss, gout, sedentary lifestyle, family history

Manifestations: Pain, Nausea, Obstruction of urinary flow, urinary infection.

49
Q

ISBAR

A 
Identify
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
50
Q

Types of elder abuse

A 
Physical
Sexual
Emotional
Psychological
Abandonment
Neglect
Financial
51
Q

Risk Factors of Elderly Abuse

A 
Older Females
Limited Resources
Residing with family
Disruptive Behavior
Social isolation
Financial dependence
52
Q

Signs of elder abuse

A 
Reluctance to leave older person alone
Patient defers excessively to caregiver
Delay in seeking treatment
Inconsistency with reported mechanism of injury 
Lack of hygiene
53
Q

Activities of Daily Living

A
  • Eating/feeding
  • Bathing
  • Grooming
  • Dressing
  • Toilet
  • Walking
  • Using stairs
  • transferring
54
Q

Advanced Activities of Daily Living

A
  • self care
  • mobility
  • work
  • recreational activities
  • Socialization
55
Q

Joint

A

site where two bones meet
allows stability and mobility of skeleton.
Two classes: non synovial - skull and vertebrae
Synovial - free movement

56
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • Gliding Joint
  • Hinge Joint
  • Pivot Joint
  • Ellipsoid Joint (up and down movement)
  • Saddle joint (think of person riding saddle)
  • Ball and socket joint
57
Q

Non-synovial Joint

A

Lack of joint space, limited movement or non, connected by fibrous or connective tissue. ,
AKA fixed joint.

Subtypes: fibrous, cartilaginous

58
Q

Bursa

A

enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid. Located in areas of increased friction.

59
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa.

60
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone

61
Q

ligaments

A

attach bone to bone at the joint level. Prevents wrong movements of joint.

62
Q

Cartilage

A

avascular connective tissue in between joints. It receives nourishment from the synovial fluid. Cartilage cushions the bones and facilitates movement.

63
Q

Menisci

A

wedge shaped car

64
Q

flexion

A

bending limb at joint

65
Q

extension

A

straightening limb at joint

66
Q

abduction

A

moving away from midline

67
Q

adduction

A

moving towards the midline

68
Q

Pronation

A

turning forward so palm is down

69
Q

Supination

A

palm up

70
Q

Circumduction

A

circle around shoulder

71
Q

Inversion

A

sole foot towards ankle

72
Q

Eversion

A

sole outwards at ankle

73
Q

Rotation

A

around axis

74
Q

protraction

A

forward and parallel to ground

75
Q

Retraction

A

backwards and parallel to ground

76
Q

Elevation

A

raising

77
Q

Depression

A

lowering

78
Q

ROM of head (cervical spine)

A

flexion (45), extension (45), rotation(70), lateral bending(40)

79
Q

ROM of shoulders

A

flexion (180), hyperextsion (50), abduction(180), adduction (45), internal and external rotation(90*)

80
Q

ROM of elbows

A

flexion(160), extension(0), supination(90), pronation(90)

81
Q

ROM of wrist and hands

A

hyperextension and flexion of the wrists and fingers, Radial(20) and ulnar(55) deviation of the wrist.

82
Q

ROM of Hip

A

Flexion(90* w/knee 120), extension (0), hyperextension, abduction(45), adduction(30), internal(40) and external(45) rotation.

83
Q

ROM of knees

A

Extension(0), hyperextension(15), flexion(130*)

84
Q

ROM Ankles and feet

A

dorsiflexion(20), plantar flexion(45), eversion(20)/inversion(30)

85
Q

ROM of spine (lumbar)

A

flexion(90), hyperextension(30), rotation(30), lateral bending(35)

86
Q

3 types of muscle

A
  • cardiac)- involuntary
  • smooth)

-skeletal - largest type of muscle , voluntary.

87
Q

sprain

A

tearing of ligaments

88
Q

strain

A

stretch of muscle or tendon

89
Q

Common MKS complaints

A

Pain, weakness, limited movement, stiffness, deformity

90
Q

gait and mobility

A
  • walking is smooth, rhythmic
  • foot is lifted 2.5-5 cm off the floor
  • Propelled 30-45 cm forward in straight path
  • Heel strike floor-body weight is shifted onto the ball of the foot
  • Patient remain erect, balanced during all stage of gait
  • Arms swings freely at the side of the torso, but in opposite direction to mov. of the legs.
91
Q

Inspection of the joint

A

inspect 5 - 7.5 cm of skin and subcutaneous tissue surrounding the joint:

  • erythema
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • nodules
  • deformities
  • masses
  • skin breakdown
92
Q

palpation of the joints

A

-contour bilateral (smooth and flat)
-Swelling
-pain
-tenderness
articulates well, as it moves
-crepitus

93
Q

osteoarthritis

A

bones rubbing against each other. Commonly affects middle-aged and older people.. Affects hands and weight bearing joints.

94
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

swollen inflamed synovial joint, causes bone erosion.

95
Q

Scoliosis

A

condition where there is abnormal curvature of the spine, not a disease or a diagnosis

96
Q

Lordosis

A

excessive inward curvature of the spine

97
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back

98
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection

99
Q

brudinskis sign

A

flex patients neck to chest: positive if pt responds with flexion of one or both legs up to pelvis, arms may also flex.

100
Q

aphasia

A

loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.

101
Q

dysarthria

A

difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.

102
Q

global aphasia

A

combination of impaired expression and comprehension, nonfluent speech.

Health and Physical Assessment (1 decks)

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