How We Think

Question 1

Concept

Answer 1

mental representation that groups or categories shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli

Question 2

Necessary condition

Answer 2

something that must be true of the object in order for it to belong to the category

Question 3

Sufficient condition

Answer 3

something that, if it is true of the object, proves that is belongs to the category

Question 4

Prototype theory

Answer 4

based on the “best” or “most typical” member of a category (possesses many or all of the most characteristic features of the category)

Question 5

Exemplar theory

Answer 5

we make category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category

Question 6

Which hemisphere is involved in forming prototypes?

Answer 6

left hemisphere

Question 7

Which hemisphere is involved in recognizing exemplars?

Answer 7

right hemisphere

Question 8

Prototypes = _____

Answer 8

visual cortex

Question 9

Exemplars = _____

Answer 9

prefrontal cortex & basal ganglia

Question 10

Category specific deficit

Answer 10

an inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category, although the ability to recognize objects outside the category is undisturbed

Question 11

Which part of the brain is damaged when a person has category specific deficit?

Answer 11

left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Question 12

Damaged front part of left temporal lobe = ____

Answer 12

difficulty identifying humans

Question 13

Damaged lower left temporal lobe = ____

Answer 13

Difficulty identifying animals

Question 14

Damaged region where temporal lobe meets occipital and parietal lobes = ____

Answer 14

difficulty retrieving names of tools