How We Breathe Flashcards
What is the xiphoid process a landmark in?
CPR
Which are the true ribs?
1-7
Which are the false ribs?
8-10
Which are the floating ribs?
11 and 12
At what level of rib is the sternal angle?
rib 2
What in the ribs are a potential weakness area for penetrating injuries?
intercostal spaces
What does the rib articulate with the sternum via?
costal cartilage
What does the rib tubercle articulate with?
transverse process of the vertebra of the same number
What does the head of the rib articulate with?
the body of the vertebra of the same number & the body of the vertebra superiorly
What are the joints of breathing?
costovertebral joints (rib to vertebra) costochondral joints (rib to costal cartilage) sternocostal joints (sternum to costal cartilage)
Is the diaphragm smooth or skeletal muscle?
Skeletal
What drains the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces?
azygous vein
What supplies the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces?
thoracic artery
Which artery and veins supply the anterior parts of the intercostal space?
thoracic
How many layers of intercostal muscle are there?
3
How many pairs of intercostal spaces are there?
11
Which skeletal muscle involved in breathing has an unusual central tendon?
diaphragm
What nerve is the muscular part of the diaphragm supplied by?
phrenic nerve (C3,4 & 5 anterior rami)
Which dome is usually more superior in the diaphragm?
right (due to liver)
What happens to A-P and lateral chest cavity dimensions
on inspiration?
increase
Where does unilateral lymph drainage from lateral quadrants go?
axillary nodes
Where does bilateral lymph drainage from medial quadrants go?
parasternal nodes
What does paralysis of serratus anterior (usually through injury to long thoracic nerve) result in?
a winged scapula
Where does the pectoralis minor attach?
between the coracoid process of the scapula and ribs 3-5
Where do the subclavian vessels change their names to axillary vessels?
lateral to the lateral border of the 1st rib
Where is the only place the lungs are connected to the mediastinum?
lung root
What is the most dependent part of the pleural cavity?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Which lung contains a horizontal fissure?
right
At what vertebrae level should the lung bases be auscultated?
T11
What divides the nasal cavities?
nasal septum
Where are the turbinates located?
lateral wall of each nasal cavity
What type of cartilage lines walls of trache, bronchi etc?
hyaline
What type of muscle becomes more prominent in smaller airways?
Smooth
Do alveoli walls contain cartilage or smooth muscle?
Neither
What does costal cartilage do?
increase flexibility of chest wall
Where is the trachea palpable usually?
just superior to jugular notch in manubrium
At what vertebrae level does the larynx become the trachea and the pharynx become the oesophagus?
C6
What muscle anchors the medial border of the scapula to ribs 1-8?
serratus anterior
What rib does the horizontal fissue follow?
4
What ribs are oblique fissures at?
ribs 6 to T3
