How to Publish Your Research? Flashcards

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1
Q

TEAM Effort:

A
  • Author
  • Editorial Office
  • Reviewer
  • > Submission, Editorial screening, reviewing and editorial decision processing
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2
Q

Academic success depends chiefly on:

A

1) Getting published -> competence-based abilities, careful research and preparation of the manuscript, compulsivity, perseverance, some luck
2) Getting cited -> informative and memorable title, abstract must contain key “bottom line” or “take-away points”, co-author outputs tend to generate more citations due to networking effects between authors in a given research team, lab.

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3
Q

H-Index:

A
  • Characteristics -> increase over time, based on citation count, linear relationship between value of h-index and time
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4
Q

Guidelines for preparing reports:

A
  • Description -> basic details of study (gender, race, etc)
  • Explanation -> Presenting the rationale of several facets of the study.
  • Contextualization -> How the study fits the context of other studies and in the knowledge base more generally
    + Thematic line
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5
Q

Manuscript structure:

A

1) Abstract
2) Introduction
3) Body of Article
4) Results
5) Discussion and Conclusion
6) Acknowledgements
7) References
8) Figures and Tables

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6
Q

Abstract:

A
  • Critical section because:
  • Read by more people than the article is
  • It is the first impression of the article
  • Purpose -> provide brief statement of purpose, methods, findings, and conclusion of the study.
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7
Q

Introduction:

A
  • What is the overall rationale and objective of the research?
  • Why this particular study is needed?
  • Do not review literature by literature, but rather convey issues and evaluate comments that set the stage for the study
  • CONTEXTUALIZATION (clarification of broader context, why the study is important, limitations of previous work, new dimensions to advance theory)
  • Move from very general to specific
  • Identify the gap/hiatus that the study is designed to fill
  • Broad information on topic
  • Previous research
  • Narrower background information
  • Need for study
  • Focus of paper
  • Hypothesis
  • Summary of problem (selling point)
  • Overall 300-500 word
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8
Q

Methods:

A
  • Who was studied, why, how, and so on
  • Describe critical procedural AND provides the rationale for methodological decisions and for the sample
  • Participants are described here (age, gender, etc)
  • The operationalization of constructs should be presented here with their psychometric characteristics
  • The rationale of the authors decision ought to be explicit (just like in the other sections)
  • Provides instruction on exactly how to repeat experiment/study
  • Subjects
  • Sample preparation techniques
  • Sample origins
  • Field site description
  • Data collection protocol
  • Data analysis techniques
  • Any computer programs used
  • Description of equipment and its use
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9
Q

Results:

A
  • Is important to convey why specific tests were selected, and how these tests serve the goals of the study
  • Useful to retain the order of hypotheses when the statistics are presented
  • The statistics are only tools in the service of the hypotheses
  • Useful to begin by presenting basic descriptors of the data(mean, std, etc.)
  • From standpoint of the reader, results should make clear what the main hypotheses were, how the analysis provide appropriate tests and what conclusions can be reached as a result
  • Objective presentation of experiment results
  • Summary of data
  • NOT a Discussion!
  • Common mistakes –> Raw data – Redundancy – Discussion and interpretation of data – No figures or tables – Methods/materials reported
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10
Q

Discussion:

A
  • Consists of the conclusions and interpretations of the study
  • Includes -> overview of major findings, integration or relation of these findings to theory and prior research, limitations and ambiguities and their implications for interpretation, and future directions.
  • Interpret results –> Did the study confirm/deny the hypothesis? – If not, did the results provide an alternative hypothesis?
  • What interpretation can be made?
  • Do results agree with other research?
  • Sources of error/anomalous data?
  • Implications of study for field
  • Suggestions for improvement and future research?
  • Relate to previous research
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11
Q

Figures and Tables:

A
  • TABLE ->Presents lists of numbers/text in columns
  • Figures -> Visual representation of results or illustration of concept/methods
  • IMPORTANT: Tables and Figures should be integral to the text, but should be designed so that they can be understood in isolation.
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12
Q

References:

A
  • Check specific referencing style of journal
  • Should reference -> peer-reviewed journal articles, abstracts, books
    Should also reference -> non-peer-reviewed works, textbooks, personal communications
  • Common mistake (format, format, format)
  • Redundant information -> text, figures, tables, captions
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13
Q

What is Peer-reviewed:

A
  • Reviewed process for scientists by scientists
  • Purpose = filter what is published as “science/research”, to provide researchers with perspective
  • Where is it used? Scientific publication, grant view
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14
Q

Constraints of peer-review:

A
  • Slow
  • Conflict views (conflicting theory bias)
  • Personal views (objective vs personal edit)
  • Fraud (data manipulation and invention)
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15
Q

“The Seven Deadly Sins”:

A

1) Data manipulation, falsification
2) Duplicate manuscripts
3) Redundant publication
4) Plagiarism
5) Author conflicts of interest
6) Animal use concerns
7) Humans use concerns

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16
Q

Plagiarism and self-plagiarism:

A
  • Each time you paraphrase or quote another author you must credits the source in the text
  • Each sentence with paraphrase must have citation
  • Self-plagiarism is reusing your own work by passing it off as new scholarship. You must cite yourself.
17
Q

What constitutes redundant publication?

A
  • Data in conference abstract? NO
  • Same data, different journal? YES
  • Data on website? MAYBE
  • Data included in review article? OK IF LATER
  • Expansion of published data set? YES
18
Q

What makes a good research paper?

A
  • Good science
  • Good writing
  • Publication in good journals
19
Q

What constitutes good research?

A
  • NOVEL - new and not resembling something formerly known or used
  • MECHANISTIC - testing a hypothesis - determining the fundamental processes involved in or responsible for an action, reaction, or other natural phenomena
  • DESCRIPTIVE - describes how things are but does not test how things work - hypothesis is not tested
20
Q

What constitutes a good journal?

A
  • Impact factor - average number of times published papers are cited up to two years after publication
  • Immediacy index - average number of times published paper are cited during year of publication
21
Q

Impact factor (IF):

A
  • The average number of citations received per paper published in that journal during two preceding years. Measures the quality of academic journals.
22
Q

Immediacy index (I):

A
  • Is measure of how quickly the average articles in a journal get cited
23
Q

Process of Research:

A

1) Completion of Research
2) Preparation of manuscript
3) submission of manuscript
4) assignment and review
5) decision (Rejection=back to 1, or revision -> resubmission -> re-review ->rejection =back to 1, or Acceptance -> publication