how To Describe Each Device

Question 1

Order of precedence

Answer 1

Reinforces societal view on the male version of words being seen as more important . A sign of status> positioning men before women even in words. If words were to be switched it would physically look and sound irregular > making a statement> drawing attention to the woman coming first

Question 2

Assonance

Answer 2

Almost rhyming> engages the reader- humorous to help lighten the tone of the article.

Question 3

Metaphor

Answer 3

Creative imagery, abstract> mimic complexity of the topic, save face/ negate offence, engagement through stimulating imagination, encourages deeper thought, often relies on shared pragmatic assumptions, creates a rapport by relying on epistemic context

Question 4

Repetition

Answer 4

Reinforces meaning, sets pace, could mimic regularity, shows importance of something, encourages engagement through reinforcement> operant conditioning, could display emotion through passion/ mimic thought patterns/ stress from recurring thoughts

Question 5

Rhetorical questions

Answer 5

engages reader> build rapport, question readers own opinions> likely to then side with the writer> interactive. Show introspective questioning. Mimics normal speech, use of interrogatives demonstrates maxims of conversation, helps to show different viewpoint> links to purpose or text; to persuade

Question 6

Violent imagery

Answer 6

Builds emotion/ emotive language > allowing a reader to connect / resonate. Displays a sense of passion / anger for a specific topic> engages a reader as it’s eye catching and powerful language being used. Straight forward / obvious > reader knows exactly what the text producer values are

Question 7

Semantic field

Answer 7

Imagery surrounding a specific topic or idea> engages the reader as it’s imagery is brought up multiple times throughout a text. Reinforces specific values> shows a strong importance or a topic. Helps build connections throughout a text> again highlighting importance

Question 8

Direct address / second person pronoun

Answer 8

Immediately builds a connection with reader> engaging for them, as if talking to them personally> rapport > acts to persuade repetition of ‘you’ can reinforce imperatives- forceful and convincing. ‘Your’ possessive pronoun> creates a sense of belonging, personalised the article, helps reader empathise and relate, creates a sense of collective

Question 9

Possessive first person pronouns

Answer 9

Avoids vagueness and allows the point to be carried out clearly and truthfully. Adds concreteness and clarity to arguments- gives an authoritative voice to writer. Without the use of first person pronouns, it can seem impersonal> with it holds a sense of credibility and personality- engages the reader

Question 10

Declaratives, exclamatives, interrogatives , imperative

Answer 10

Difference sentence types help engage reader, allows them to question + think for themselves. Declarative = statement, finality, factual, credible, reliable.
Exclamative= shows emotion, shows passion, can support humour, less formal
Interrogative= question, engagement, questions view points- persuades and humour if theoretic.
Imperative - persuades / influence, power discourse, command .

Question 11

Premodifying adjectives

Answer 11

Help add details, form a semantic field or discourse

Question 12

Abstract noun

Answer 12

Can mirror topic, dependent upon perception , can be relatable when feelings

Question 13

Personification / objectification

Answer 13

De/humanising things, postions reader to view things differently, creates empathy or apathy

Question 14

Cyclical structure

Answer 14

Creates sense of a complete view point, creates finality, makes reader feel like the writer has provided a full view point

Question 15

Motif / reoccurring imagery

Answer 15

Exaggerates / reinforce point, engage reader, help empathise / used in humour

Question 16

Shifts

Answer 16

Help draw attention to different topics, shifts in tone draw attention to specific topics, shifts in structure help mimic topics, guide readers attention to specific things

Question 17

Swearing

Answer 17

Expresses passion and frustration to a specific topic

Question 18

Coinage

Answer 18

The invention of new phrases / words adds credibility and is usually followed by an honorific. Also helps to back up point of an article.

Question 19

Intensifiers

Answer 19

To show passion / expression/ enthusiasm / anger . Hyperbolic nature helps to engage reader by making it more exaggerated

Question 20

Sibilance

Answer 20

Repeated s sound making it sound more phonologically pleasing, engages reader because it’s eye catching and memorable- bigger impact

Question 21

Plosives

Answer 21

Hard sounds suggesting anger and frustration, engages reader

Question 22

Diminutives

Answer 22

Shared knowledge or a nickname or slang words that a certain community will understand
Assumed by producer that the audience will understand
Creates a sense of community and inclusion
Humorous and lighten tone

Question 23

Shared discourse assumptions

Answer 23

Creates a sense of community, allows the reader to feel in the know. Writer assumes reader shares similar values, so talking about an issue with that in mind makes it more palatable for reader to understand and enjoy

Question 24

Dialogue

Answer 24

Builds a sense of credibility for the writer helps reader to trust and form a connection
Quotations are more credible as it shows it comes directly from the source
Instead of manipulated into agreeing with whatever the text producer wants

Question 25

Complex sentences

Answer 25

Replicates complexity of topic at hand, can mimic thought process (stress,convey emotion and chaos’s) can help build tension, slows down/ maintains pace, helps to fit informative text purpose. Conjunctions add details and help writer seem more informative and helpful and trustworthy

Question 26

Simple sentence

Answer 26

Short and snappy To the point making it easier for reader to understand Usually send in a headline, grabs people’s attention, forced them to pay attention and read more. Or at end of an article, usually a declarative, makes a bold statement, call for action

Question 27

Collective pronouns

Answer 27

Makes the reader feel part of something, engaging as if talking directly to a group of people. Helps to persuade the reader on the point the text producer wants to express. People want to feel included, by using we and us ut comforts a reader as it shows them as part of a group who shares similar values

Question 28

Alliteration

Answer 28

Phonologically pleasing Creates positive recognition Reinforces imagery or provides contrast / juxtaposition to bad imagery

Question 29

Similie

Answer 29

Imagery helps position audience to understand and empathise Exaggerate and enforce meaning, humour

Question 30

Media res

Answer 30

Engaging, sets quick pace, provides context

Question 31

Idiom

Answer 31

Indicates a shared knowledge between the text producer and reader

Question 32

The way other people are mentioned - given title / accolades mentioned / full name or Nick name

Answer 32

By introducing a linguist / theorist with their honorific’s it shows respect and gives them recognition Makes text producer more credible as they are sourcing info from professionals and specialists within that specific field. Sigh of respect and comradely ot to poke fun as it shows a. Power imbalance and use of humour to dre grade or define someone’s power or status

Question 33

Discourse markers

Answer 33

Guide reader, helps présent argument and create flow and cohesion

Question 34

Ellipses

Answer 34

Creates tension and suspense Keeping the reader engaged

Question 35

Discourse field

Answer 35

Where various areas on a specific topic are written cohesively - easier for reader to understand and similar topics are brought up. Helps add cyclical structure to an article and creates patterns for the reader to follow, more engaging

Question 36

Humour / irony

Answer 36

Engages the audience Helps to address uncomfortable or confrontational subjects Releases tension for the reader adds a sense of cohesion to an article

Question 37

Tone

Answer 37

Helps the reader gage what type of article it is, numerous and serious Helps enforce meaning of artcile Contrasting tone to topic can help mitigate seriousness , help serve wider purpose and minimise it Aids credibility and helps position readers Informalities build rapport Trust and like ability towards writer