How the synoptic gospels came into being? Flashcards
What biblical criticism relates to the oral tradition?
Form Criticism
What biblical criticism relates to the reasons for the gospels being written down?
Redaction Criticism
What biblical criticism relates to the relationship between the three gospels?
Source Criticism
What biblical criticism relates to the Priority of Mark?
Source Criticism
What biblical criticism relates to the reasons for writers editing material?
Redaction Criticism
What biblical criticism relates to whether the gospels are accurate?
Source/Form/Redaction Criticism
What is the oral tradition?
It was how the gospels were spread by word of mouth
If the oral tradition exists, what are the written gospels?
They are historical documentation of the oral gospels
Why should be question what happened to the Gospel message before it came to be written down?
Because it was probably written 30-40 years after Jesus’s death and could have easily been adapted in the years between
What are three ways the Christian message may have been spread?
Public Preaching
Hymn Writing
Private Witness
Who would have publicly preached the Gospel message?
The apostles or early church leaders
How were Hymns used?
In worship to express beliefs
Who would have been private witness?
Individuals who wanted to share their experiences and faith to neighbours or other towns they were in
Give an example of Public Preaching
Acts 2
Give an example of Hymn Writing
Philippians 2:6-11
What do scholars differ on when referring to the oral tradition?
How conservative tradition was
What the purposes of gospels were
What did Bultmann say about Form Criticism?
“I do indeed now think that we can know among nothing concerning the life and personality of Jesus”
What did Kelber believe about Form Criticism?
“Orality was flexible, but textuality was firm, so taken together we could support both.”
Which gospel did Wrede study?
Mark
What does Wrede’s criticisms concern?
The Messianic Secret
What does Wrede say about Redaction Criticism?
That Jesus’s identity was fabricated to explain why no one recognised Jesus as messiah
What gospel did Bornkamm focus on?
Matthew
What does Bornkamm say about Redaction Criticism?
Matthew reaaranged the gospels to add a theological influence
What did Lessing suggest?
He proposed that similarities between gospels could be explained by a common written source
What did Holtzmann suggest?
He came up with two source theory
What did Streeter suggest?
He came up with four source theory
What does Greisbach suggest?
That Matthew must have come first because it was an apostolic source
What did Bultmann say about form criticism?
I do indeed now think we can know almost nothing concerning the life and personality of Jesus
What did Dodd say about form criticism?
The gospels are an expression of the faith of the church, which was the belief that Jesus…rose from the dead
What did Kelber say about form criticism?
That orality was flexible but textually was firm and so taken together we could support both
What did Wrede say about Mark?
That the secrecy about Jesus’ identity was fabricated to make up for no one recognising him as the messiah
What did Borkmann say about Redaction Criticism in Matthew?
That rearranging pericope adds theological influence
What did Conzelmann say about Luke and Redaction Criticism?
That unlike Matthew and his immediate eschatology Luke focuses away from parousia
What did Reinarus say about redaction criticism?
That the stories about Jesus were exaggerated to make him seem more miraculous
What did Lessing propose?
That similarities between gospels could be explained by a common written source
Who came up with two source theory?
Holtzmann
Who came up with four source theory?
Streeter
Which two concluded Matthew came first?
Augustine and Greisbach
Why did Greisbach think Matthew came first?
Because it was an apostolic source which others would use later
What did Butler say about source criticism?
Mark added eyewitness embellishments which cast doubt on the gospels reliability
Why was there a need for translation?
To spread word of God
To help persecuted
To encourage converts
