how significant were problems faced by Nicholas II in 1894 Flashcards
how should the essay answer be split
political, economic and social problems
what was the political priority of Nicholas II
to preserve autocracy
why was the political system inadequate in russia
there were pressures of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
what needed to be done to address the problem of industrialisation
by developing professional roles like doctors, lawyers and engineers
why was the development of professional roles a problem for the tsar
they would form a civil society and demand autonomy which directly challenged autocracy
what was the main political problem faced by the tsar
his unwillingness to reform as a result of maintaining the autocratic rule
how did the tsar attempt to reform
by establishing the Department of Agriculture in 1894
why did the Department of Agriculture fail
it failed to deal with the problems of poverty and unrest leading to peasant rioting
why was there a rise in opposition to Tsardom
due to the repressive measures of the prior tsar Alexander III
what were Russian people concerned about
the centralised control of police under the minister of the interior and the replacement of the justices of peace with land captains, a reduction in peasant representation in the zemstva and an increase in censorship
what was the zemstva
an elective body of local government
what were land captains
a way to impose control over rural russia and reduce the power of the zemstva
which political groups proved the biggest problem in 1905
liberal and socialist groups who demanded reform
what was the problem with productivity
it was low in comparison to other countries
what was believed about free enterprise
that western economic modernisation was linked to free-market thinking and this should be adopted into Russia
why was Russia never in control of the rate industrialisation could occur
as a result of Russia’s reliance on foreign investments - there was always the worry that their financial aid would end
why was the exportation of grain an issue
peasant productivity was low resulting in the famine of 1891-2 (also a social problem)
what percentage of the population were peasants
80 - meaning they posed the largest threat to the monarchy
why was their unrest amongst the peasants
they opposed their poor living standards
what was the intention of the peasants land bank
to allow peasants with funds with low interest rates to buy better quality land
why did the land bank fail
the better quality land was reserved for landowners making land distribution unfair
what was the impact of the 1891 famine
350,000 deaths linked to the monarchy
were social issues confined to the rural areas of Russia
no, there were social issues amongst the urban areas too
how much had the industrial workforce grown
from 1.4 million to 3 million