How much was soceity affected by immigration 1917-80? Flashcards
What was the USA’s policy towards immigration before WW1?
What reflected this?
How many immigrants entered the year per year for roughly 100 years after the USA broke British rule?
In ____, _____ immigrants arrived in the USA; in ____ it was_____
Another problem was?
Where did the majority of new immigrants go to live and work?
In ____, __ %of immigrants were from Southern and Eastern Europe in ____ this rose to ___%
"open door policy" The poem on the base of the statue of liberty 170,000 1882, 650,000 1907, 1.2 million Integration with a group of established US citizens with immigrant roots The cities 1882,13% 81%, 1907
Between what years did the Dillingham Commission run?
What did it investigate?
What were its findings?
Who did it distinguish between?
What did the commission’s findings not make an allowance for?
What were the findings used to justify in the 1920s (give one example)?
1907-1911
The impact of immigration in the USA
“immigration was beginning to pose a serious threat to American society”
“old immigrants” from England, Ireland and Germany and “new immigrants” from Southern and Eastern Europe
The shorter time span that new immigrants had to adapt
Immigration Acts, The Emergency Quota Act, 1921 (limited the number of immigrants)
Give four factors that contributed towards the immigration legislation of the 1920s
In ____,__% of the US urban population was black, by ____ this was ___%
The percentage of those who were foreign-born or had foreign-born parents increased from ___% to ___%
Post-war isolationism, the Dillingham report, the 1919-20 Red scare
1910, 1.2%
1920, 4.1%
74%, 85%
1920’s legislation focused on immigrants from where?
Where did the quota system not apply to?
What two things slowed European immigration to far less than the quotas set in the late 1920s/early 1930s?
Which places did immigration increase rapidly from?
Why did illegal immigrants often not get deported at this point?
What event meant that many of them were deported?
Roughly how many Mexicans were deported during this time?
Europe and Asia
South America
The Great Depression/immigration legislation
South America, especially Mexico
High demand for workers, employers did not ask too many questions, employers could exploit them
The Great Depression
400,000
What places did immigrants tend to gravitate to?
What was the population of New York in 1920, what percentage was foreign-born? What was this in 1940?
Cities that already had immigrants from their place of origin
5.6 million and 36%, 7.5 million and 29%
What are two examples of practices from “the old country”?
Despite chinese immigration being banned since ____, there were many china towns
In ____ there were ____ foreign-language newspapers published in the USA, by the ____ there were __
religious practices, newspapers (local and from back home)
1882
1914-1,300, 1960s-75
What percentage of Ford’s workers were foreign-born?
What did Ford go out of his way to do?
70.7%
Americanise his employees
Where did those “fresh off the boat tend to find themselves?
Who did they often work for when they arrived?
By the 1920s there were examples of Irish and Italian immigrants who become?
What allowed immigrants to develop contacts?
At “the bottom of the heap
Those that had settled there before themselves
Politicians, Lawyers and policemen
Ethnic communities
Who is an example of politicians appealing to immigrants to boost their vote?
Franklin Roosevelt
Which ethnic groups were classified as enemy aliens once the USA entered the war, what percentage of foreign-born immigrants did they each account for?
Which group was treated the most harshly, how many of them were shut up in internment camps and of these what percentage were US citizens?
How did attitudes towards these immigrants progress as the war continued?
Italian (14.2%), German (10.8%), Japanese (less than 1%)
Japanese, 120,000, 75%
They worsened, shop windows broken etc
Where were second-generation Japanese men and women allowed to fight?
What were Italian and German soldiers not asked to do?
Who was Admiral Chester Nimitz?
Europe
Fight fellow countrymen (although some did)
A German man who commanded the US Pacific fleet
What immigration act was passed after the war, what year?
Why did many people think that the quota system had outlived its usefulness?
How was this affected by the cold war?
From what year were a variety of Refugee Acts set to allow in refugees from outside the quota?
How many Cubans fled to the USA from 1959-1961 after Castro seized power there?
What did the government set up to try to deal with this?
How did attitudes towards European immigration change after it began to slow after the 1960s?
The Immigration and Nationality Act, 1952
It did not allow for refugees
The government had to pass a new refugee law each time
1953
200,000
a Cuban Refugees Program
People became more accepting of it
When did Kennedy write his book; A nation of immigrants, how did it say that immigrants should be seen as?
What did he say that 1950s attitudes towards immigration made a mockery of?
What was Kennedy working on when he was assassinated, that president Johnson brought to Congress?
When did this become law?
1958, enriching the country
The poem on the base of the statue of liberty
A new immigration law, that would abolish quotas
1965
How much did immigration increase by in the first five years after the 1965 act?
After the fall of Saigon in 1975, how many Vietnamese immigrants did the USA take in?
Why did the USA pass additional refugee legislation?
By 1985 how many refugees were there?
It quadrupled
130,000
the spread of communism
over 700,000
In what year did the immigration and naturalisation service begin to try to control immigration from the western hemisphere through Operation Wetback?
What year did the USA put a limit on entry and what was the limit, why?
1954
1976, 20,000
the rising number of hispanics was becoming a problem fo the US government
