How is the NHS Structured Flashcards
What is the standard prescription charge in the UK?
The standard prescription charge is £9.90 per prescription or prescription prepayment certificates.
Are prescription charges the same in all parts of the UK?
No, prescription charges are free in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but are charged in England at £9.90 per prescription.
How much do patients pay for prescriptions regardless of the drug in the UK?
Patients pay the same prescription charge of £9.90 regardless of the drug being prescribed. Some drugs may be cheaper or more expensive than the prescription charge.
Who submits prescriptions to the NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA)?
Pharmacies and GP practices submit all prescriptions to the NHSBSA.
Who reimburses pharmacies and GP practices for prescriptions?
Pharmacies are reimbursed directly by the NHSBSA, while GP practices are reimbursed by Integrated Care Systems (ICSs).
How is NHS funding sourced?
The government funds the NHS through taxes, including income tax, national insurance, VAT, excise duties, and business rates.
What was the purpose of the Health and Social Care Act 2012?
The Health and Social Care Act 2012 aimed to increase competition between services to save money, reduce red tape, and keep the government out of the day-to-day running of the NHS.
What is the role of Integrated Care Systems (ICSs)?
ICSs are responsible for assessing local healthcare needs, planning services, reducing inequalities, and monitoring quality. They also negotiate finances and collaborate to address challenges like aging populations and co-morbidities.
How many ICSs exist in England?
There are 42 Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) across England.
Who are the partners of the ICSs?
The partners of ICSs include the NHS, social care sector, local councils, voluntary sector, and other sectors.
What is the role of commissioning at the ICS level?
Commissioning at the ICS level requires knowledge of the health needs in the region and local communities, as well as information on how effective services are likely to be.
What is the role of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)?
The MHRA is responsible for ensuring the safety, quality, and effectiveness of medicines and securing the supply chain. They also educate healthcare professionals and the public, influence policy and law, and license drugs for use in the UK.
What are the main responsibilities of the MHRA?
The MHRA ensures the safety, quality, and effectiveness of medicines, secures the supply chain, and educates healthcare professionals and the public on medicine-related issues.
What is the role of NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)?
NICE reviews clinical trial data to determine which drugs are effective, safe, and suitable for patients. They also assess the cost-effectiveness of treatments and develop quality standards for commissioners to monitor the quality of services.
What does NICE evaluate in clinical trials?
NICE evaluates the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of drugs to determine whether they should be funded by the NHS.
What factors does NICE consider when deciding whether a treatment should be funded by the NHS?
NICE considers whether the treatment is effective, safe, and cost-effective before recommending whether it should be funded by the NHS.
What is the role of NICE in monitoring the quality of services?
NICE develops quality standards that commissioners can use to monitor the quality of services within the NHS.
How do Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) help reduce health inequalities?
ICSs work to reduce health inequalities by assessing local healthcare needs, planning services to address those needs, and collaborating across sectors to improve health outcomes for underserved populations.
