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EMR > How Infections Occur > Flashcards

How Infections Occur Flashcards

1
Q

What is bacteria,
Some types of bacterial caused conditions

A

Single cell micro organisms that may cause infection

Tetanus
Meningitis
Scarlet fever
Strep throat
Tuberculosis
Food poisoning

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2
Q

Viruses
What are some types

A

They depend on other organisms to live and reproduce

Common cold
Hepatitis
Measles
Mumps
Chicken pocks
Influenza
HIV

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3
Q

Fungi
Types

A

Single cell or multicellular organism

Athletes foot
Ringworm

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4
Q

Protozoa
Types

A

Single celles organism that can only divide within a host organism

Malaria
Dysentery

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5
Q

Rickettsia
Types

A

Group of micro organisms that are similar to viruses that they require other living cells to grow but are similar to bacteria that they need oxygen. They have metabolic enzymes and cell walls, are susceptible to antibiotics

Typhus
Rocky Mountain fever spotted fever

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6
Q

Parasitic worms
-complications

A

Disease causing organisms that live on or inside humans or other animals and derive their nourishment from their hosts
Cause the following complications
Abdominal pain
Anemia
Lymphatic vessel blockage
Lowered antibody response
Respiratory and circulatory complications

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7
Q

What are the bodies natural defences that prevent germs from entering

A

The body depends on intact skin and mucus membranes in the mouth, nose and eyes to keep germs out

When skin is damaged (cuts) germs can enter

Mucus traps the germs so they can then be sneezed or coughed out
Mucus membranes are less effective than skin for keeping blood borne pathogens out of the body

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8
Q

How the immune system works

A

It’s basic tools are white blood cells and antibodies
Special white blood cells travel around the body and identifies invading pathogens
Once detected white blood cells surround the pathogen releasing antibodies that attack the pathogen to weaken or destroy them

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9
Q

How the immune system works

A

It’s basic tools are white blood cells and antibodies
Special white blood cells travel around the body and identifies invading pathogens
Once detected white blood cells surround the pathogen releasing antibodies that attack the pathogen to weaken or destroy them

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10
Q

Common signs and symptoms that signal the body is fighting off an infection

A

Headache
Fever
Exhaustion
Nausea
Vomiting

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11
Q

4 factors that must coincide for an infection to occur

A
  1. Pathogen is present
    2.there is enough of the pathogen to cause disease
  2. Person is susceptible to the pathogen
  3. There is a route of entry

If one of these conditions is missing an infection cannot occur

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12
Q

4 factors that must coincide for an infection to occur

A
  1. Pathogen is present
    2.there is enough of the pathogen to cause disease
  2. Person is susceptible to the pathogen
  3. There is a route of entry

If one of these conditions is missing an infection cannot occur

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13
Q

4 ways pathogens can enter a body

A
  1. direct contact- person touches bodily fluids from infected person
  2. Indirect contact- person touches object that have touched the bodily fluids of a other person (needles)
  3. Airborne - person breathes in droplets
  4. Vector borne - animal or insect transmission through a bite
    The carrier is a vector and passes the infection to another animal or person
    Ex rabies or Lyme disease
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14
Q

Epidemic vs pandemic

A

Epidemic- spreads across geographic boundaries

Pandemic- involves multiple countries large number of people

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15
Q

Types of Hepatitis

A

A- (HAV) spread primarily through food or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected person
- inflammation of the liver, flu like symptoms
-is a vaccine for this

B- (HVB)
Can be severe or fatal, jaundice
- is a preventative vaccine which provides immunity to it

C - (HCV) liver disease symptoms similar to B
It has an acute phase of 6 months then a chronic infection
No vaccine for hep C this leads to needing liver transplants

D (HDV) this relys on HBV to replicate so D only occurs in ppl that have B it’s uncommon in Canada
Transmitted through blood
No vaccine for D but the vaccine of B provides indirect protection

E (HEV)
Transmitted via fecal oral route associated with ingesting contaminated drinking water

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16
Q

HIV/ AIDS

A

HIV is the virus that caused aids
HIV attacks the white blood cells that destroys the bodies ability to fight infection
AIDS Is the long term effect effect due to the drop in white blood cells

17
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Bacterium called mycobacterium tuberculosis
- attacks the lungs but also damages brain, kidneys or spine
Spread through air (coughing, sneezing, talking)
Must be treated with meds or can be fatal

  • there is multi drug resistant TB
    It’s resistant to 2 of the most effective anti TB drugs ( isoniazid and rifampin)
    This occurs in ppl that don’t take their TB meds properly
    Had TB before
    Come in areas where it’s common to occur / spend time with someone who has it
18
Q

Meningitis

A

Contagious meningococcal infection that attacks the meninges (the protective coverings that surround the brain and spinal cord)

Caused by bacteria or a virus. Transmitted by close contact person to person droplets

Vaccine and antibiotics available

19
Q

MRSA and community based MRSA

A

Staph bacteria
Lives on the skin and in the nose often without causing issues but once it enters the body it can become a source of infection

Can be transferred by casual contact of items

When MRSA occurs in groups of ppl who have not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure it’s referred to as community based
(Sports teams)

20
Q

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

A

Bacteria that live in the human intestine or urinary tract and are often found in the environment
Generally do not cause illness but if it does antibiotics can treat
Often spreads in healthcare facilities

21
Q

Coronavirus

SARS

MERS

A

Group of 6 viruses that typically cause upper respiratory tract illnesses
It constantly evolves and is poorly understood

SARS and MERS are both caused by coronavirus infections

Transmitted by air and physical contact

SARS - sever acute respiratory syndrome
Spread by close person contact and respiratory droplets
Headache, fever, body aches, dry cough

MERS - Middle East respiratory syndrome
Similar to pneumonia fever, cough shortness of breath

22
Q

Coronavirus

SARS

MERS

A

Group of 6 viruses that typically cause upper respiratory tract illnesses
It constantly evolves and is poorly understood

SARS and MERS are both caused by coronavirus infections

Transmitted by air and physical contact

SARS - sever acute respiratory syndrome
Spread by close person contact and respiratory droplets
Headache, fever, body aches, dry cough

MERS - Middle East respiratory syndrome
Similar to pneumonia fever, cough shortness of breath

23
Q

Influenza

A

Seasonal respiratory illness caused by both human influenza A and B viruses
Transmitted from person to person via droplets by coughing and then also by direct or indirect contact with the respiratory secretions

24
Q

Influenza

A

Seasonal respiratory illness caused by both human influenza A and B viruses
Transmitted from person to person via droplets by coughing and then also by direct or indirect contact with the respiratory secretions

25
Q

Immunization

A

Is the introduction of a substance that contains specific weakened or killed pathogens into the body
The bodies immune system then builds resistance to the specific type of infection that the injected

Common vaccines
-DPT ( diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)
-polio
-hepatitis B
-MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
-influenza
-chickenpox

26
Q

Preventing disease transmission,
Each time you provide care you must follow basic infection control precautions

A
  • wearing ppe
    -practicing good personal hygiene
    -cleaning and disinfecting equipment
    -following occupational or workplace procedures

EMR (4 decks)

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