How important are water and carbon to life on Earth

Question 1

water and carbon cycling biosphere

Answer 1

More CO2 from human activity is greenhouse gas-> global temp rise-> warms tundra emitting CO2 and methane-> more greenhouse gases in atm-> global temp rise

Question 2

water and carbon cycling oceans

Answer 2

CO2 from humans-> temp rise-> increase ocean temp-> water evaporates from surface, dissolved CO2 released by warmer oceans-> more greenhouse gases in atm-> global temp rise

Question 3

closed system example and definition

Answer 3

only energy and no matter cross system boundary. This is the case with global scale water and carbon flow of atm, land and ocean

Question 4

open system example and definition

Answer 4

material as well as energy cross the boundary. This is in smaller scale like a forest ecosystem with water and carbon

Question 5

% of global water in oceans

Answer 5

97

Question 6

% of global water in ice

Answer 6

2

Question 7

% of global water in groundwater

Answer 7

0.7

Question 8

% of global water in freshwater

Answer 8

0.01

Question 9

% of global water in soil

Answer 9

0.005

Question 10

% of global water in atmosphere

Answer 10

0.001 as water vapour

Question 11

% of global water in biosphere

Answer 11

0.00004

Question 12

amount of carbon in atm in gigatonnes

Answer 12

600

Question 13

amount of carbon in oceans in gigatonnes

Answer 13

40,000

Question 14

amount of carbon in fossil fuels in gigatonnes

Answer 14

4,000

Question 15

amount of carbon in sedimentary rocks in gigatonnes

Answer 15

100,000,000

Question 16

amount of carbon in soil in gigatonnes

Answer 16

2,300

Question 17

inputs and outputs of carbon cycle

Answer 17

respiration, photosynthesis, combustion, weathering, decomposition, precipitation

Question 18

fast carbon cycle

Answer 18

plants take CO2 during photosynthesis, respiration release CO2, more releases + methane with decomposition

Question 19

slow carbon cycle

Answer 19

weathering creates carbonate runoff to the ocean, carbon converted into sediment and sunk to sea floor, released to atm through volcanic activity

Question 20

processes of carbon cycle

Answer 20

precipitation, photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, weathering, carbon sequestration

Question 21

ppt as carbon process

Answer 21

atm CO2 dissolves in rain water and makes acid rain, anthropogenic emissions increased level and ocean acidity increasing

Question 22

`photosynthesis as carbon process

Answer 22

absorb CO2 to form carbohydrates, store carbon until plants decompose of get cut down

Question 23

respiration as carbon process

Answer 23

plants and animals release CO2 through it

Question 24

decomposition as carbon process

Answer 24

CO2 released by decomposition

Question 25

combustion as carbon process

Answer 25

fossil fuels contain carbon, main product of their combustion is CO2

Question 26

weathering as carbon process

Answer 26

in explanation of slow carbon cycle

Question 27

carbon sequestration

Answer 27

carbon diffuses in oceans and rises back again when cold water rises back up is called oceanic carbon pump, marine organism shells contain carbon sink gets called biological pump

Question 28

anthropogenic

Answer 28

involving humankind as a driver of environmental change

Question 29

sequestration

Answer 29

long term storage of CO2 and other carbon forms to mitigate climate change