how effectively were the localities governed? Flashcards
why did Henry face problems as an usurper when wanting to gain control?
- Henry usurped the throne and therefore was vulnerable to invasions himself, his rivals could of based themselves over the border in Scotland.
Why were regions such as Yorkshire particularly unsettled?
Regions in the North of Yorkshire were particularly unsettled, as many of them were supporters of Richard III who had controlled the region very successfully. The North also suffered from extreme economic hardship.
What happened following the tax revolt in 1489?
The tax revolt 1489, led to the murder of Sir Henry Percy who was responsible for collecting taxation in the region (the Earl of Northumberland). Percy’s son was only a minor and therefore Henry took the chance to appoint Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey as lieutenant of the North - his role was to act as a representative to the King
How did things change again in 1499?
Howard remained in his role until 1499 where it reverted back to traditional Northern nobility as wardens of the marches.
Who were the major nobel families under Henry VIII?
Dacres, the Cliffords, the Percy earls of Northumberland and the Neville earls of Westmorland.
Why couldn’t the King rely on them to keep the peace?
These families had complex feuds with each other and could therefore not be relied on to maintain the peace. These men were important because as long as there remained a threat of invasion from the Scottish then they were the first line of defence
how was their an attempt to revive the council of the north in 1525?
There was an attempt to revive the council of the North in 1525 when Henry’s illegitimate son Henry Fitzjoy (6 years old) was made president of the council. If it was Henry’s plan to make Fitzjoy his deputy of the North than he was to be disappointed as he died in 1536.
What major rebellion in Henry VIII reign changed things and why?
The Pilgrimage of grace, which showed the lack of control of the North regions.
Which changes did Cromwell start in 1534 which were to have a permanent impact on the region?
He appointed Rowland Lee to act as a Lord president to the council of Wales, and to control crime and disorder in the region. In 1535 Cromwell introduced the Law in Wales act, which is sometimes known as the Act of Union, which transformed the structure of the Welsh government;
what did the Law in Wales act do ? 1535?
- The Principality of Wales and the Marcher lordships were abolished and replaced with 12-English style counties.
- English system of local government which introduced sheriffs and coroners and justices of the peace
- Banned the use of Welsh in courts
- Each county town was allocated to mp’s which would represent them in english court.
what was result of the act?
- The main result of the act was the end of the traditional military power of the marcher lords
- For the rest of the Tudor period Wales remained under the power and control of the crown and law and order improved and the country became less of a threat to the political stability.
The Law in Wales act 1542
What were the main changes to introduced through this act?
Although Cromwell fell from power and was executed in 1540, his work had already began to strengthen the crowns power of remote regions. The 1542 act built of the previous one in 1535, and introduced a system of English law into Wales bringing an end to the traditional Welsh system of blood feuds.
what impact did the Law of Wales act 1542 have?
It enforced a new system of law courts called the courts of great sessions which were held twice a year to try crimes such as physical attacks and theft. This made the Welsh system a more formal body with a president and vice president who were appointed by the Crown.
what made Cromwell want to reestablish the council of the North and how did he go about doing so?
After the break out of pilgrimage of grace, Cromwell wanted to strengthen the power of the crown in the North and in doing so he decided to remodel the Council of the North in 1537.
what specifically did the new remodel of the council of the North do
He gave it wide powers to hear cases on treason, murder and felony, and it was responsible for passing on enforcing all royal proclamations and orders made to sheriffs and JPs. Cromwell also made sure that the council of the North was not only monitoring Yorkshire but also Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland. Henry also gave it a permanent headquarters in Yorkshire.
