How Effectively Did Henry Rule England After 1540? Flashcards
What were the roles of Denny and Paget and why were they influential?
- Denny = in charge of king’s Privy Chamber = access to King’s private rooms
- Paget = Henry’s Private Secretary = controlled written information that reached the King
- collectively able to filter who and what reached the king
What was Henry’s plan for government after his death?
- to leave a ‘balanced’ Regency Council with neither faction dominant
How did Denny and Paget ensure reformist triumph at Henry’s death?
- first part of Henry’s will drawn up Dec 1546 with his knowledge, but lots of space left for additions
- details about Regency Council only added when Henry close to death
- task made easier by fall of Norfolk and Gardiner
- will didn’t require Henry’s signature as Denny had control over dry stamp
- Denny and Paget able to keep Henry’s death quiet for a few days, allowing reformists to consolidate their power
How much was spent on foreign policy after 1540?
- over £2 million/ten years worth regular income
Negative repercussions if excessive spending on foreign policy?
- consumed resources gained from dissolution
- caused long term economic/financial problems as coinage debased to raise extra funds
What was the general direction of Henry’s foreign policy?
- traditional pro-Habsburg, anti-French line
Why was Henry’s relationship with Charles somewhat restored, and why was this important to Henry?
- death of Catherine of Aragon and mutual fears of France helped ease relations
- eager to do so as he was fearful of Franco-Scottish alliance which had been strengthened by marriage of James V and Mary Guise in 1538
Argument that Henry went to war with Scotland over personal insult
- arranged to meet James V at York in 1541, but James didn’t show
- James V had been loyal to France in 1530s when England would have benefitted from their support - reflected in his twice marrying French princesses
- James V had protected Pilgrimage of Grace rebels who had fled North
Argument that the Anglo-Imperial alliance caused outbreak of war in Scotland
- signed 1542
- Scots had undertaken border raids in response
- prompted Henry to send large army to Scotland under Norfolk
- resulted in decisive English victory at Solway Moss Nov 1542
- James V died ten days later, leaving baby Mary on throne = Scotland weak
What and when was the Treaty of Greenwich?
- Henry proposed to marry son Edward to Scottish Mary, agreed by treaty in 1543
- gave bribes to win over Scottish nobility who had been captured at Solway Moss
How did the Treaty of Greenwich fail?
- Scots didn’t hand over Mary
- parliament rejected treaties
- Henry resorted to force
What was the ‘rough wooing’ of Scotland?
- response to failed Treaty of Greenwich
- in 1544 and 45 Seymour led series of raids on Scottish towns, often setting them alight
What was the impact of ‘rough wooing’ in Scotland?
- instead of Mary marrying Edward, she would marry the French Dauphin
- Seymour had too few troops as England had also attacked France, so he was unable to inflict major damage
- failed to secure marriage and drove Scots and French even closer together
- failure to destroy Scots = still able to launch raids across border when England vulnerable
What French town did Henry manage to capture and when?
- Boulogne in 1544
In what ways was the capture of Boulogne a success?
- more than either Francis or Charles were able to achieve in periods
- had achieved it without help of his ally = boosted England’s military reputation and Henry’s claim to glory
