HOW DRUGS ACT Flashcards
What is pharmacology?
The branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action
What is a dose?
The amount of active ingredient
What is pharmacokinetics?
What the body does to the medication Absorption Distributions Metabolism Excretion
What is pharmacodynamics?
What the medication does the the body and its mechanism
What are the 4 main types of drug targets?
Receptors, enzymes, carrier molecules and ion channels
What is a ligand?
A molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein
What is affinity?
The strength of non-covalent bonds between drug and receptor
What’s the dissociation constant?
The concentration at which half the drug is bound to the receptor at equilibrium
What is the difference between agonist and antagonist?
An agonist is a drug that produces a positive effect when bound to a receptor whilst the antagonist reduces the effect of the agonist at the given receptor
Where does a non-competitive antagonist bind to?
An allosteric site where it can cause a conformational change to the quaternary structure so the agonist cannot bind
What’s the difference between a reversible and irreversible agonist?
A reversible agonist binds non-covalently whilst the irreversible agonist binds covalently
What is an inverse agonist?
A drug that produces a negative effect when bound to a receptor
What is a second messenger?
Intracellular signalling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules
What is efficacy (Emax)?
The maximum response achievable from a drug
Full agonists produce an Emax of 199 and antagonists produce an Emax of 0
What is potency?
The dose of the drug required to produce a specific effect of given intensity