how does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes? Flashcards
what is asthma
asthma is characterised by inflammation of the airways leading to the bronchioles, limiting air flow in/out of lungs.
what are triggers of asthma?
dust, pollen, pollution and dry air
How can you manage and minimise asthma?
- Use a gradual warm up to increase respiratory rates in anticipation of exercise and conclude with a leisurely warm down such as light swimming In order to slowly reduce respiratory rates to pre-exercise state
- Exercise intensity needs to be steady as sudden changes in breathing can trigger an attack
- Follow all medical advice, such as the use of preventer and reliever puffers
- Adequately hydrate
steps to deal with an asthma with first aid
(national asthma council guidelines)
- Sit the child comfortably upright
- Give 4 puffs of a blue/ grey reliever – Give one puff at a time with 4 breaths after each puff
- Wait 4 minutes
- Give 4 more puffs in the same manner if the person cannot breath properly
- Call an ambulance immediately
what is hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia?
hypo= low sugar levels
hyper= high sugar levels
What is type two diabetes and how is it induced/what does it do?
It is a lifestyle disease, brought on by physical inactivity and poor diet. characterised by a breakdown in effieciency of insulin activity resulting in high levels of insulin and glucose in the blood.
what is type one diabetes and what is it caused by/what does it do?
it is insulin dependent, caused by an autoimmune disorder.
characterised by the body no longer produces insulin, resulitng in a build up of glucose in the blood.
type 1 is more prevalent amongst children, rather than type 2
How does type 1 diabetes affect the way young people engage in sport?
it affects sports engagement because glucose is an important energy source during participation.
if glucose levels are too low, this can lead to a hypoglycaemic episode.
if the glucose levels are too high, this can lead to a hyperglycaemic episode.
these can lead to unconsciousness or death
What should a player with type 1 diabetes do to participate in sports?
the player should monitor their glucose, and eating before and after excercise.
they should have snacks and water available always.
what are the implications of a coach if a player has type 1 diabetes?
the coach should
-carry high sugar foods eg lollies,
-know diabetes signs and symptoms
-know who has diabetes and who it will affect them
-allow for rest
what is epilepsy
epilepsy is a disturbance to brain functioning, causing a brief alteration to consciousness, resulting in seizures
what are the implications for how young people with epilepsy engage in sport?
Epilepsy should not limit a players participation unless they are having frequent seizures they should avoid contact sports eg. boxing
close supervision should be undertaken when a child is participating in activiteis eg. watersports, bike and horse riding
what causes epileptic fits
fatigue and high body temperature
how is epilepsy managed by coaches
coaches should:
-know who has epilepsy
-plan alternate activites
-be aware of heat and the athletes limits
How to manage an epileptic fit
- Remove any surrounding dangers, such as other payers by stopping play
- Place the child in the recovery position after jerking stops or immediately if there if food, fluid or vomit in the child’s mouth
- Reassure the child after the seizure
- Call an ambulance if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes
What causes overuse injuries?
(give examples of overuse injuries)
occur because of repeated use of a part of the body, causing tissue damage and considerable discomfort. Overuse injuries that commonly affect children and young athletes are stress
fractures, swimmer’s shoulder and runner’s knee.
what are the causes of overuse injuries?
- Prolonged periods of repeated practice without rest such as at training camps
- Poor biomechanical technique leading to excessive strain on the body such as lower back injuries in dancers and gymnasts
- Inadequate equipment such as poor running shoes that do not provide proper support resulting in increased pressure on joints
- Strength and flexibility imbalances leading to poor body alignment
what is thermoregulation?
Thermoregulation refers to the maintenance of a stable internal temperature independent of the temperature of the environment.
why is thermoregulation a risk for children and young athletes?
Children are less able to effectively control their body temperature at 37°C placing them at greater risk of hypothermia and hyperthermia in unfavourable weather conditions.
Main factors contributing to the increased risks to children for thermoregulation:
- Underdeveloped sweat glands release fluid more slowly and are less responsive to temperature changes
- Higher surface area to volume ratio means they absorb more heat on hot days
- Slower rates of acclimatisation: the physiological changes required to manage hot and cold days take longer to occur, such as vasodilation and vasoconstriction and sweating.
