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Psychology > How Do We See > Flashcards

How Do We See Flashcards

0
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

Parallel lines that seem that they are going to meet in the distance

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1
Q

What is height in plane?

A

Objects closer to horizon are perceived to be further away

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2
Q

What is texture gradient?

A

Detailed patterns are perceived to be closer

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3
Q

What is Relative size?

A

Smaller objects are perceived to be further away than larger objects

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4
Q

What is superimposition?

A

Hidden objects are further away that the object that is covering it

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5
Q

What are the rods in your eye

A

Light sensitive cells in the retina that respond even in dim light
Detect light

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6
Q

What are the cones in your eye

A

Light sensitive cells in the retina that can detect colour

Only work in bright light

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7
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

A bundle of nerve cells that leads out from the retina, it carries info from rods and cones to the brain

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8
Q

What is perception

A

The way your brain makes sense of the visual image detected by the eyes

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9
Q

What is the blind spot

A

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves, has no rods or cones so cannot detect light

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10
Q

What causes the blind spot

A

At the point in the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye there is no room for rods or cones, if light falls on this part there are no light sensitive cells to detect it

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11
Q

What is the optic chiasma

A

The cross shape where some of the info from the left and right eye cross over to pass into the opposite side of the Brain

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12
Q

What is the visual cortex

A

The area at the back of the brain that interprets visual information

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13
Q

How does the brain work

A

Visual info is carried from the optic chiasma to the back of the brain , the visual cortex then interprets the info from rods and cones, uses info from perception to understand shape and distances-also fills in gap left from the blind spot

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14
Q

What are depth cues

A

Visual clues that we use to understand depth or distance

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15
Q

What are Monocular depth cues

A

Clues to distance that only need 1 eye.

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16
Q

What are the 5 monocular depth cues

A
  • superimposition
  • relative size
  • texture gradient
  • linear perspective
  • height in plane
17
Q

What are binocular depth cues

A

Clues to distance that need both eyes

18
Q

What is size Constancy

A

Perceiving an object as the same size even when it’s distance from us changes

19
Q

How does size constancy work

A

When an object is close=brain scales it down

When an object is far=brain scales it up

20
Q

What is stereopsis

A

A binocular depth cue to depth

The greater the difference between the view seen by the left and the right eye, the closer you’re looking

21
Q

How does stereopsis help us see depth

A

The brain compares info from left and right eye after the optic chiasma.
When looking at something far=2 images are very similar
When eyes are focused nearer=views from each eye are different
Brain judges how different they are

22
Q

What are the gestalt laws

A
  • figure and ground
  • similarity
  • proximity
  • continuity
  • closure
23
Q

What is figure and ground

A

A small complex symmetrical object (figure) is seen to be seperate from a background (ground)

24
Q

What is similarity

A

Figures sharing size shape or colour are grouped together with other things that look the same

25
Q

What is proximity

A

Objects which are close together are perceived to be related

26
Q

What is continuity

A

Straight lines, curves and shapes are perceived to carry on being the same

27
Q

What is closure

A

Lines or shapes are perceived as complete figures even if parts are missing

28
Q

What are illusions

A

A conflict between reality and what we perceive

29
Q

What are the illusions

A
  • fictions
  • after effects
  • ambiguous figures
  • distortions
30
Q

What is a fiction

A

An illusion caused when a figure is perceived to be there even though it’s not present in the stimulus

31
Q

What is illusory contour

A

A boundary/edge that is perceived in a figure but is not present in the stimulus

32
Q

What is a motion after effect

A

An illusion caused by paying attention to movement in one direction and perceiving movement in the opposite direction immediately after

33
Q

What is a colour after effect

A

An illusion cause by focusing on a coloured stimulus and perceiving opposite couloirs immediately after

34
Q

An example of a motion after effect

A

Credits at the end of a film watching them moving upwards, if you look to the side of the screen they will appear to be moving downwards

35
Q

What are the colour after effect pairs

A

Red and green

Yellow and blue

36
Q

What is an ambiguous figure

A

A stimulus with two possible interpretations in which it is possible to perceive only one of the alternatives at any time

37
Q

Example of an ambiguous figure

A

The necker cube

Leepers lady

38
Q

What are distortions

A

Where our perception is deceived by some aspects of the stimulus. this can affect the shape or size of an object

39
Q

Examples of distortions

A

ponzo illusion
Muller-lyer illusion
Hering illusion
Ebbinghaus illusion

40
Q

What is a schema

A

A framework of knowledge about an object, event of group people that can affect our perception and help us organise information and recall what we have seen

41
Q

What is perceptual set

A

The tendency to notice some things more than others. This can be caused by experience, context or expectations

Psychology (5 decks)

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