How Do We Fuel Our Body 5

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

The first stage of ATP synthesis. A series of chemical reactions occurring in the cytosol, which convert glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules, and two ATP molecules.

Question 2

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 2

A series of chemical reactions occurring inside the mitochondria, which convert pyruvic acid into ATP and electron carrier molecules.

Question 3

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 3

The last phase of ATP synthesis. A series of chemical reactions occurring on the inner mitochondrial membrane, which convert electron carrier molecules to ATP.

Question 4

Glucose

Answer 4

A simple sugar molecule (monosaccharide). Glucose is used by the body to make ATP or stored as glycogen for future use.

Question 5

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 5

An adenosine molecule with three attached phosphate molecules. When ATP is broken down ‘energy’ is released and used by cells and tissues to function.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

An organelle located within cells where adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced.

Question 7

Lipid bi-layer

Answer 7

The head to tail arrangement of phospholipid molecules in the cell plasma membrane.

Question 8

Selectively permeable membrane

Answer 8

Each specific cell has a plasma membrane which is structured to only let some substances pass through.

Question 9

Osmosis

Answer 9

The movement (diffusion) of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water will move from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

A hypertonic solution has more solutes and less water molecules compared to intracellular fluid. >290 mOsmol/L.

Question 11

Hypotonic

Answer 11

A hypotonic solution has less solutes and more water molecules compared to intracellular fluid.

Question 12

Isotonic

Answer 12

An isotonic solution has the same total concentration of solutes (osmolarity) as intracellular fluid (fluid inside a cell). Approximately 290 mOsmol/L.

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

The movement of solutes (e.g. salt) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No ATP is used.

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

The movement of a solute (e.g. glucose) across a plasma membrane via the use of a carrier/channel protein. No ATP is used.

Question 15

Symport

Answer 15

The movement of two different ions or molecules in the same direction across a plasma membrane, via a carrier/channel protein.

Question 16

Antiport

Answer 16

The movement of two different ions or molecules in the opposite direction across a plasma membrane, via a carrier/channel protein.