How do producers get the substances they need? Flashcards
How does an organism function?
substances must move into and out of the cells
diffusion osmosis and active transport contributes to this
What is diffusion?
if particles of a substance are in a higher concentration they will move from this region to where they are in a lower concentration - this is diffusion
What do particles do in diffusion?
move in both direction, but there will be a overall movement from high to low concentration
will end up spread out evenly throughout liquid or gas, but will continue to move
Why is diffusion important?
in both single-celled and multi-celled organisms
oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules move by diffusion through cell membranes
diffusion allows carob dioxide and oxygen to move between the exchange surfaces
How are water and mineral ions are taken up by plants?
water and ions in aqueous solution are moved through xylem from the roots and up the stem by transpiration to replace water that evaporates from open stomata
Describe substances transported into and out of photosynthetic organisms
molecules move from a region of their
higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration.
the difference in concentration drives a change towards
equal concentration. Carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules
move by diffusion, through cell membranes in single-cellular
(prokaryotic) producers, and through stomata and cell
membranes in plants.
Water molecules move by osmosis
through cell membranes; projections from root cells (‘root
hairs’) of plants increase the surface area for osmosis.
How do photosynthetic organisms take in nitrogen to make protein?
active transport
producers get nitrogen from nitrate ions
molecules of water and gases can diffuse through partially permeable cell membranes but nitrate ions cant
producers use energy from molecules of ATP to transport nitrate ions through cell membrane by active transport
How do plants get substances they need?
they dont have blood to transport substances
they have transport vessels formed from xylem and phloem
Describe processes of transpiration and translocation
sugars are moved through the phloem from photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic tissues by translocation.
sugars are loaded into phloem by active transport, then water moves into the concentrated solution by osmosis and pushes the substances along the tube
What is the effect of enviromental factors on the rate of water uptake by a plant?
the rate of water uptake by a plant can be affected by enviromental factors.
light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis while air movement and temperature affect the rate of water loss from aerial parts of the plant
