How do levels of consciousness affect mental processes and behaviour?

Question 1

normal waking consciousness

Answer 1

a state of consciousness associated with being awake and aware of thoughts, feelings and perceptions from both the internal and external environment

Question 2

altered state of conciousness

Answer 2

any state that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness

Question 3

define consciousness

Answer 3

an individuals level of awareness of internal events and their external environment, as an array of thoughts, feelings and perceptions

Question 4

function of an EEG

Answer 4

Electroencephalograph: detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the brain

Question 5

function of an EOG

Answer 5

Electro-oculargraph: detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eyes

Question 6

function of an EMG

Answer 6

Electromyograph: detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of skeletal muscles

Question 7

an objective method of measuring consciousness

Answer 7

speed and accuracy on cognitive tasks

Question 8

subjective measures of measuring consciousness

Answer 8

sleep diaries and video monitoring

Question 9

how do controlled and automatic processes work during NWC

Answer 9

can complete multiple automatic processes at once, and an automatic and controlled at the same time, but very difficult to complete 2 controlled

Question 10

the part of the brain that functions like a ‘biological clock’ and signals the release of melatonin and other hormones is the:

Answer 10

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 11

the part of the brain that releases melatonin is the:

Answer 11

pineal gland

Question 12

the function of melatonin is to:

Answer 12

induces drowsiness, lowers body temperature, and promotes sleep.

Question 13

how do controlled and automatic processes work during an ASC

Answer 13

very difficult to complete controlled processes and divided attention is hard

Question 14

factors that can determine an altered state of consciousness

Answer 14

levels of awareness, controlled and automatic processes, content limitations, perceptual and cognitive distortions, emotional awareness and self control

Question 15

what are content limitations

Answer 15

the ability to control wha tis being thought about and stop unwanted or distressing thoughts

Question 16

what brainwaves do stimulants normally produce

Answer 16

beta and sometimes alpha

Question 17

what brainwaves do depressants normally produce

Answer 17

alpha and theta

Question 18

examples of stimulants

Answer 18

nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamines and amphetamines, caffeine

Question 19

examples of depressants

Answer 19

alcohol, cannabis, heroin, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opioids

Question 20

what BAC is 17 hours of sleep deprivation equal to:

Answer 20

0.05

Question 21

what BAC is 24 hours of sleep deprivation equal to:

Answer 21

0.1

Question 22

what is an ultradian rhythm

Answer 22

a biological cycle that repeats more than once in a 24 period

Question 23

brainwaves present during NREM 1

Answer 23

alpha and theta

Question 24

brainwaves present during NREM 2

Answer 24

theta

Question 25

brainwaves present during NREM 3

Answer 25

delta and theta

Question 26

brainwaves present during NREM 4

Answer 26

delta

Question 27

when are dreams most likely to be experienced

Answer 27

REM

Question 28

when are dreams most likely to be experienced

Answer 28

REM

Question 29

consciousness is described as being

Answer 29

personal, selective, continuous and changing

Question 30

a circadian rhythm disorder is a:

Answer 30

sleep pattern that is misaligned with either the external environment, lifestyle demands, and social expectations

Question 31

what is a treatment often used for insomnia:

Answer 31

cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 32

treatment for circadian rhythm disorder

Answer 32

bright light therapy

Question 33

what is a dysomnia

Answer 33

a sleeping disorder characterised by an inability to fall or stay asleep, or excessive sleepiness

Question 34

what is a parasomnia

Answer 34

a sleep disorder characterised by abnormal behaviours, thought, dreams or perceptions during sleep or upon waking

Question 35

another name for sleep walking is

Answer 35

somnambulism

Question 36

what is sleep onset insomia

Answer 36

a persistent inability initiating or maintaining sleep

Question 37

what is REM rebound

Answer 37

a period of increased frequency of REM sleep following a period of inadequate amounts of REM

Question 38

define jet lag

Answer 38

a disruption to circadian rhythms caused by travel across timezones, causing the sleep wake cycle to be out of sync with the external environment

Question 39

what sleep stage is easiest to be woken up in

Answer 39

stage 1 NREM

Question 40

what are hypnic jerks

Answer 40

bursts of muscle activity often experienced during NREM 1

Question 41

what is REM behavioural disorder

Answer 41

a disorder characterised by a lack of atonia during REM sleep, resulting in movement and often the acting out of dreams.

Question 42

adolescents often experience a ________, resulting in a delay in the release of melatonin

Answer 42

sleep wake cycle shift

Question 43

the function of cortisol is to

Answer 43

increase arousal and reduce sleepiness

Question 44

where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus found

Answer 44

the hypothalamus

Question 45

when does atonia (muscle paralysis) occur

Answer 45

REM

Question 46

what is bright light therapy

Answer 46

a treatment often used for circadian rhythm disorders that involves exposing an individual to regulated amounts of light at certain times of the day, in order to align the sleep wake cycle with the external environment