How do levels of consciousness affect mental processes and behaviour? Flashcards
normal waking consciousness
a state of consciousness associated with being awake and aware of thoughts, feelings and perceptions from both the internal and external environment
altered state of conciousness
any state that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness
define consciousness
an individuals level of awareness of internal events and their external environment, as an array of thoughts, feelings and perceptions
function of an EEG
Electroencephalograph: detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the brain
function of an EOG
Electro-oculargraph: detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eyes
function of an EMG
Electromyograph: detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of skeletal muscles
an objective method of measuring consciousness
speed and accuracy on cognitive tasks
subjective measures of measuring consciousness
sleep diaries and video monitoring
how do controlled and automatic processes work during NWC
can complete multiple automatic processes at once, and an automatic and controlled at the same time, but very difficult to complete 2 controlled
the part of the brain that functions like a ‘biological clock’ and signals the release of melatonin and other hormones is the:
suprachiasmatic nucleus
the part of the brain that releases melatonin is the:
pineal gland
the function of melatonin is to:
induces drowsiness, lowers body temperature, and promotes sleep.
how do controlled and automatic processes work during an ASC
very difficult to complete controlled processes and divided attention is hard
factors that can determine an altered state of consciousness
levels of awareness, controlled and automatic processes, content limitations, perceptual and cognitive distortions, emotional awareness and self control
what are content limitations
the ability to control wha tis being thought about and stop unwanted or distressing thoughts
what brainwaves do stimulants normally produce
beta and sometimes alpha
what brainwaves do depressants normally produce
alpha and theta
examples of stimulants
nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamines and amphetamines, caffeine
examples of depressants
alcohol, cannabis, heroin, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opioids
what BAC is 17 hours of sleep deprivation equal to:
0.05
what BAC is 24 hours of sleep deprivation equal to:
0.1
what is an ultradian rhythm
a biological cycle that repeats more than once in a 24 period
brainwaves present during NREM 1
alpha and theta
brainwaves present during NREM 2
theta
brainwaves present during NREM 3
delta and theta
brainwaves present during NREM 4
delta
when are dreams most likely to be experienced
REM
when are dreams most likely to be experienced
REM
consciousness is described as being
personal, selective, continuous and changing
a circadian rhythm disorder is a:
sleep pattern that is misaligned with either the external environment, lifestyle demands, and social expectations
what is a treatment often used for insomnia:
cognitive behavioural therapy
treatment for circadian rhythm disorder
bright light therapy
what is a dysomnia
a sleeping disorder characterised by an inability to fall or stay asleep, or excessive sleepiness
what is a parasomnia
a sleep disorder characterised by abnormal behaviours, thought, dreams or perceptions during sleep or upon waking
another name for sleep walking is
somnambulism
what is sleep onset insomia
a persistent inability initiating or maintaining sleep
what is REM rebound
a period of increased frequency of REM sleep following a period of inadequate amounts of REM
define jet lag
a disruption to circadian rhythms caused by travel across timezones, causing the sleep wake cycle to be out of sync with the external environment
what sleep stage is easiest to be woken up in
stage 1 NREM
what are hypnic jerks
bursts of muscle activity often experienced during NREM 1
what is REM behavioural disorder
a disorder characterised by a lack of atonia during REM sleep, resulting in movement and often the acting out of dreams.
adolescents often experience a ________, resulting in a delay in the release of melatonin
sleep wake cycle shift
the function of cortisol is to
increase arousal and reduce sleepiness
where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus found
the hypothalamus
when does atonia (muscle paralysis) occur
REM
what is bright light therapy
a treatment often used for circadian rhythm disorders that involves exposing an individual to regulated amounts of light at certain times of the day, in order to align the sleep wake cycle with the external environment
