How did the Fascists consolidate fascist power years 1923-29? Flashcards
How did force and intimidation help the Fascists consolidate fascist power years 1923-29?
The death penalty reintroduced for anyone who tried to assassinate the King, Mussolini or threatened state security.
Special Tribunals could send potentially dangerous anti-fascists into exile- CONFINO, sometimes without concrete evidence.
What were the impacts of confino?
It was financially devastating for those who were sent away and their families, who would also face discrimination. Upon returning, exiles struggled to get a job.
What did the Fascists do in late 1926?
set up the Political Police division- used a considerable network of spies to infiltrate and break up antifascist organisations.
What did the Fascists do in 1927?
Set up the Italian Secret Police (OVRA)- formed by Borchni to spy on Italians across the country.
How many informers were operating in the OVRA? How did this allow them to be successful?
50,000. It stopped antifascist groups and the organization of new ones.
How many files did Bocchini have on Italians?
130,000
How many people were prosecuted by Special Tribunals?
13,547
Between 1925 and 1939 how many death sentences were given out? What does this show?
9-successful repression and lack of opposition.
What happened to Italian mail and phone calls?
They were examined.
Why was propaganda used to consolidate fascist power?
to create shared patriotic feeling that celebrated Italy’s history e.g. Italians as heirs to the greatest empire in history –> Making people proud to be Italian.
What actions were taken by Mussolini in terms of propaganda to consolidate fascist power?
Propaganda emphasized what united Italians and the cult of Ancient Rome was central to this. In 1937, over 1 million people visited the exhibition of Roman history that celebrated Rome’s historical greatness and its links to the Italian people in the 20th century.
What was Mussolini’s goal through propaganda?
to mobilize support for Mussolini’s policies and help transform people into “true” fascists.
What were Italy’s victories in the 1934 and 1938 football world cups used as?
propaganda tools to demonstrate Italy’s superiority.
Where was propaganda spread?
Newspapers, radios, cinemas and posters.
Why was Mussolini intricately linked to the image of Rome?
He was the heir of Augustus, who just as Augustus had done, was rebuilding Italy as a great power from the ruins of chaos and war.
