How Did Britian Expand Its Terriroty In America 1740-63? Flashcards
How would expansion bring colonists into contact with the French ?
Interior lands often controlled by France such as New France and Louisiana
Meant conflict was likely
How did the colonies expand British territory in North America 1740-63?
- the tidewater population was very dense which encouraged a move into the backcountry as settlers search for land and profit
- British PM Duke of Newcastle commented saying ‘we must not suffer’ being trapped to the tidewater
- Britian encouraged signing treaties with natives to avoid conflict with them
War of Austrian succession 40-48: when did Britain gain Louisbourg and why was this important
1745
- the fort controlled the passage to Quebec and the St Lawrence River (does get handed by in treaty of Aix La Chappelle in 1748)
- colonists then wanted to expand into the Ohio Valley as it bordered their imperial possessions and both sides attempted to exert authority
what and when was the Albany congress ? Why was it important.
June 1754- Joint Native American Policy
- Britain knew it needed troops do to salutary neglect and tried to gain native support
- Albany saw colonial delegates discuss Native American policy
- they failed to reach an agreement with Iroquois but it did establish as permanent inter colonial confederation
- also failed to achieve its goal
expand on the Virginia Speculators ?
- Granted 20,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley by Brit government- this guaranteed conflict
- Britain set up the Loyal Land Company and the Ohio Company of Virginia
- British investors started to build Fort Prince in Georgia to protect new settlers leading to a French response
What was the French response to the Virginia speculators ?
Formed a series of forts between Lake Erie and the Allegheny River
What was the colonial response to French fort building ?
Washington led a forced in 1754 to stop the French however upon arriving the French had already taken Fort Prince renaming it Fort Duquesne
- it was vital to retake to win support of Natives however it proved impossible and Washington was forced to surrender at the Battle of Jaminville Glen in Pennsylvania
the four pronged attack to secure the frontier
- Britain launched a four pronged attack
- 2 regiments under General Braddock sent from Britain to secure the Ohio Valley but he was ambushed on his way
- he got killed and his army rerouted in July 1755
- an attack on fort Niagara
- attack both Ticonderoga and Frown Poiint
- secure Nova Scotia
Why was the four pronged attack unsuccessful ?
- British not accustomed to the terrain and environment
- red uniform made them stand out and they were frequently ambushed- Britain used to conventional set piece battles
- Braddock killed and failed to take Duquesne
- assault on Fort Niagra failed and Fort Oswego fell to France
- Britian failed at Crown Point
was there any success in the four pronged attack?
Only campaign to Nova Scotia was there success
- forts Beasujour and Gaaspereau were captured
What was the situation looking like by 1756? ( this is the war of Austrian succession but it’s before the seven years war)
It was looking weak
- Britian failed to secure native support as natives knew French could pay better
- Colonial troops were not good enough
- civil administrators lacked experience
- Britain declared war on the French in 1756 starting the seven years war
How does the seven years war go ?
This is the war after the war of Austrian succession
Under William Pitt as Secretary of State do things go well allowing for an expansion
- captured Canada from France after the fall of Quebec in 1759 and Montreal in 1760
- gained all French possession east of the Mississippi
- acquired Florida and Spain
What was the result of the seven years war and when was it
1756-1763
Britian dominated eastern coast
Colonists no longer worried about the threat of France and felt less dependency on Britian
