How Conservatives View Human Nature, Society, State, Economy

Question 1

Human nature- Traditional Conservatism

Answer 1

Humans are imperfect, morally flawed, and driven by self-interest.
• Strong belief in original sin and the need for hierarchy and tradition to maintain order.
• Pessimistic view: people require guidance and structure to avoid chaos.
Thomas Hobbes

Question 2

Human nature- One-Nation Conservatism

Answer 2

Humans are naturally unequal but have a responsibility to care for one another (noblesse oblige).
• Society should mitigate the worst effects of inequality while maintaining hierarchy.
• Pragmatic approach: cooperation between classes ensures social stability.
Edmund burke

Question 3

Human nature- New Right

Answer 3

More individualistic: people are rational and capable of making their own choices.
• Humans are driven by self-interest, and competition in a free market brings out the best in society.
• Rejects dependency culture—welfare creates laziness and entitlement.
Ayn rand

Question 4

Society-Traditional Conservatism

Answer 4

Hierarchical society: natural inequalities must be preserved to maintain stability.
• Emphasizes duty, tradition, and community over radical change.
• Organic society: institutions like the monarchy and church are essential for order.
Burke

Question 5

Society-One-Nation Conservatism

Answer 5

Society should promote social cohesion—too much inequality threatens stability.
• Supports limited welfare to help the poor without harming the economy.
• Advocates for gradual reform rather than radical change to maintain unity.
Benjamin Disraeli

Question 6

Society-New Right

Answer 6

Atomistic society: individuals should be self-reliant rather than dependent on the state.
• Welfare and redistribution undermine self-ownership and responsibility.
• Emphasizes free markets and personal freedom over collective social obligations.
Robert Nozick

Question 7

State- traditional conservatism

Answer 7

Strong state needed to uphold law, order, and tradition.
• Ruling class has a duty to govern in the best interests of society.
• Supports a paternalistic government—decisions should be made by those with experience and wisdom.
Hobbes

Question 8

State-One-Nation Conservatism

Answer 8

The state should intervene moderately to reduce social unrest.
• Keynesian economics: government manages demand to lower unemployment and support basic welfare.
• Seeks a balance between free markets and state regulation to promote stability.
Disraeli

Question 9

State-New Right

Answer 9

Minimal state intervention—government should not interfere in people’s lives.
• Neo-liberalism: free markets, privatisation, and deregulation are key to economic success.
• State should focus on law and order but avoid excessive welfare or wealth redistribution.
Friedrich hayek

Question 10

Economy- traditional conservatism

Answer 10

Supports capitalism but is cautious about its effects on tradition and hierarchy.
• Free markets are preferable, but radical economic changes should be avoided.
• Property rights are essential, but wealth comes with social responsibilities (e.g., noblesse oblige).
Burke

Question 11

Economy-One-Nation Conservatism

Answer 11

Accepts capitalism but advocates for limited regulation to protect workers.
• Keynesian economics: government should manage demand to prevent unemployment.
• Planned capitalism: use state policies (loans, tax reforms) to help businesses compete.
John maynard keynes

Question 12

Economy-New Right

Answer 12

Strongly free-market: minimal regulation, low taxes, and reduced state intervention.
• Monetarism: tackling inflation is the main priority, even if it causes short-term unemployment.
• Redistribution of wealth undermines hard work—taxation is seen as “state-sanctioned theft.”
Milton Friedman