How can natural hazards be managed? Flashcards
Define Primary Effects
(Not the same as short term effects)
The effects of a hazard that result directly from the event
e.g. pyroclastic flow following a volcanic eruption
Define Secondary Effects
These occur indirectly as a result of a primary effect
E.g. Tsunami following an submarine earthquake
Define Community Preparedness
Involves prearranged measures to aim to reduce the loss of life and property damage.
This involves:
. Public Education
. Insurance
. Evacuation Procedures
. Awareness Programmes
Define Integrated Risk Management
. Modern approach to hazards
. Enables authorities to establish priorities, devise a risk reduction plan, monitoring and raise public awareness through effective communication
Define Resilience
The sustained ability of individuals or communities to utilise resources to respond to or recover from the the effects of a natural hazard.
. Communities that are resilient are able to minimise the effects.
Why is it hard to predict natural hazards?
. Weather systems change rapidly without warning
. Money needed for satellites and technology, etc.
Define Primary and Secondary Effects
. Primary effects are the effects of a hazard that result directly from the vent e.g. pyroclastic flow following a volcanic eruption
. Secondary Effects occurs as a result of primary effect such as a tsunami following a submarine earthquake
Name the four ways people manage hazards
(4 Ps )
.Prediction
.Protection
.Preparation
.Prevention
Explain Prediction (part of management of natural hazards)
. When, where will natural hazards occur? Magnitude of Natural Hazard?
. Can be done by monitoring hazards
. For example, National Hurricane Centre in Florida predicts through monitoring with the use of satellites, land and sea recording
. Earthquakes can be monitored using sound recording equipment to monitor earth tremors
. Issue : Cost, reliability
Explain Preparation (part of management of natural hazards)
What can you do if there is an earthquake?
Evacuation procedures,
Issue : Doesn’t stop the Hazard, depends on levels of education
Explain Protection (part of management of natural hazards)
. Protection of people, possessions and built environment
. Involves modification to built environment e.g. sea walls and earthquake proof buildings (buildings that are flexible, pyramid shape, shock absorbers, fewer windows)
. Involves community preparedness
Issue : Cost, reliability, false sense of security which could mean less concern for community preparedness
Explain Prevention (part of management of natural hazards)
. Unrealistic but some schemes used
. Seeding clouds in tropical storms would cause more precipitation, which would result in a weakening of the system as it approached land
. Applying water along earthquake fault line lubricates it resulting in smoother movements
Issues : Is it possible? Cost? Reliability? False sense of security?
