how and why hitler was able to become chancellor in jan 1933 Flashcards
how many people were unemployed in 1932
6 million
what article could the president in an emergency make laws without consulting the reichstag- pass laws by decree
article 48 of the constitution
who was the chancellor in 1930
heinrich bruning- economic policies were unpopulat, raised taxes, cut level of unemployment benefit and reduced the salaries of government employees
who did the sa attract
attracted many ex-soldiers and freikorps
in the 1932 elections how many votes did hitler and hindenburg have
hindenburg- 19 million, hitler 13 million
how many seats did the nazis have in may 1928
12
how many seats did the nazis have in sept 1930
107
how many seats did the nazis have in july 1932
230
how many seats did the nazis have in nov 1932
196
how many seats did the nazis have in march 1933
288
who did hndenburg appoint chancellor in may 1932 and why did he fail
von papen, didnt have enough support, hindenburgs advicers said that the army was against him
who did hindenburg appoint chancellor in december 1932
von schleicher- failed to gain majority, resigned after 8 weeks
when did hitler become chancellor
jan 30th 1933- hindenburg tried to ensure that hitlers power would be limited by maiing von papen the vice chancellor and restricting the number of other nazis in the cabinet to two
when was the reichstag fire
27th feb 1933
who was said resonsible for the reichstag fire
dutch communist marinus van der lubbe
what was the emergency decree called after the reichstag fire
protection of the people and the state- gave hitler powers to arrest anyone suspected of opposing the government, opportunity to arrect political opponents in the march election
the numebr of seats the nazis won in the march 1933 elections were…
288
what did the enabling act allow hitler to do
make laws without the reichstag- voted 444 in favour against 94 socialists against
when were trade unions clsed down
may 1933- replaced by german labour front
what was concordat and when did it happen
hitler signed agreement with thte pope,c atholics agreed to accept hitlers promise that he would not interefere with catholicsm in germany
how many of nazi party members were in the stormtroopers and thugs
2 million
why did rohm prose a threat to hitler
make stormtroopers part of the gemrman army
this alarmed hitler- could make roehm the most powerful man in germany
sa could challenge his leadership
when was the night of the long knives
30 june 1934
who was ‘gotten rid of’ in the night of the long knives
rohm
previosu chancellor- von schliecher
400 people executed
how was law and order changed
abolished right to rail before imprisonment
judges replacedd where ecessary by naxi supporters
ss and gestapo could put people into concentration camps without trail
peoples court- tries people for crimes against the state- any opponeent of the nazi’s
who was head f the gestapo
reinhard heydrich
who led the ss
heinrich himmler
what sort of society did the nazis want to create
blood- if you are physically and mentally fit aryan- you had a lace in the new society, there was no toom for socal outcasts, the disabled or the non- aryans
soil-felt that the community should be based around the peasantry- whom hw considereed the most racially pure element in germnay
other classes should be encouraged to abandon their differences and focus instead on their new ties of blood and race
this classles socity would share the belief in the beauty of labour- this was streeed in propergansa, which used slogans like- work, labour, sets you free-
wha was the name of the huge raly held at nuremberg
lasted several days, had perades. festival, religious ceremony
how many newspapers were closed down in 1934
15000
what happend at eh berlin olympics
1936
anti jewish slogans were removed from streets
properganda used to promote hitler
what was the reich chamber of culture
musicians, actors, writer ans artists had to be memebers of the chamber before they could work or perform- membership depended on supporting the nazi’s, many couldnt accpet this and left gerany
how many books were destoryed in may 1933
20 000
what new subject was introduced in schools
eugenics- study of how to improve the ferman race through selective breeding
when did it become cumpolsury to join the youth organisations
1936
who was the famous pastor
pastor martin neimoller - spent 7 years in concentration camps
who become the leader of hitler youth- hj
july 1933- baldur von schirach- leader of the hj- was oppointed the reich youth leader
scholing for 6-10 year old boys
The little fellows
schooling for 10-14 year old girls/ boys
The young folk
Young girls league
schooling for 14- 16 boys/ girls
Hitler youth
League of german maidens
probles of juvenile- facts
juvenile crime dropped at the begninnging (21 500 in 1932 and 16 000 in 1933) but then rose again- in the years 1937-42 the proportion of crimes comitted by huveniles went up by 200%
subjects for boys/ girls
boys- chose between science, mordern languages or classics – could lead on to univerisity
girls- chose between modern langauges or home economics, home economics led to nothing but the ‘pudding matric’ which did not lead to univerisity
types of schooling
national political education institutions 1933
adolf hiler schools- 1937
castles of order
what did hitler do to the catholic church
agreement- leave the catholics alone if the pope kept out of german politics
1937- hitler started a concerted attack on the catholic church, arresting 200 proests on charges of financial and sexual impropriety
what was done to the protestant church
hitler created a reich church – an unmbrella orgnaisation of all 28 states
gave his support to the german chrisitians who believed that pastors should take an oath of loyalty to hiter and that any member of the church who had jewished ancestry should be sacked. This leader, ludwig miller was given the title of reich bishop in 1933.
job creation projects
7000km autobahnen- motoways
public words- forestry, water projects, hospitals, schools
how much did the army grow
100 000 in 1933 to 1.4 million in 1939
what was dr schachts new plan
reduce unemployment, to buil up the armament industy and to make germany self sufficuent
what did those involved in the national labour service do
dug ditches and panted forests, the men had to wear uniforms and live in camps, they were given pocket money rather than wadges, the schmes were then extended to ambitios public works programs organised byt eh german abour front, ew motorways were built/ hospitals/ schools/ sports stadiumd- created thousands of jobs
how much of the coutnries raw materials were still being imported in 1939
1/3
what did the strength threw joy organisation do
provide cheap holidays
activites for leisure time
have own car- volkswagen- peoples car- bought on hire purchaise
what were the nazi attitudes towards women
children, church and kitchen
what did the law for the reuction of unemployment do in june 1933
interest free loans of up to 1 000 reichmarsks for young married couples on condition that wife gave up work, quater of the loan was czncled each time a child was born
how did the sa treat jews
april 1933 sa organised boycot of all jewish shops, stood outside urging people not to enter, pained ‘jude’ on windows and beat up those who tried to enter
how were jews treated
april 1933- boycott jewish shops- jude pained on shop windows
sacked all from government jobs
summer 1933 placecards appeared in public places- jews forbidden
nuremburg laws 1935
night of the broken glass
nuremberg laws- september 1935
law of protection of german blood and honour- banned marridges between jews and aryans, and banned sexual relations outside marridge
reich sitizenship law- made jews subjects- lost legal rights
decree regarding the change of family names
decree to eliminate jews from economic life
decree by the reich minister to attend german schools
decree by the berlin police
when was the the reich law on citizenship created
15th sep 1935
when was the law for the protection of german blood and honour created
15th september 1935
when was the decree to eliminate jews from economic life created
12th snovember 1938
when was the night of the broken glass
9th november 1938
night of the broken glass
jewish shot german embassy offical in paris
goebbels said there should be demonstations agains tthe jews
attacking of 8 000 jewish shops/ homes
10 00 jewish shopkeepers had their windows smashed + contents stolen
91 jews murdered
20 000 jews were sent to concentration camps
200 synagogues were brnt down
12th novemeber the jews ordered to pay a fine of 1 billion marks to the government
other races/ types of people not accpeted
gypsies- didnt have regualr job/ moved around
tramps, beggers- arrested and put under forced labour
physcial disabilities/ mental problems- threat to aryan superiority- sterilisation in july 1933- also people with depression/ epilsy/ blindness-> later euthanasia
