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Toxicology Ex 2 > Household & Environmental Toxins > Flashcards

Household & Environmental Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

aka Black Lung Disease

A

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiasis

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2
Q

aka Brown Lung Disease

A

Byssinosis - dust from cotton, flax, hemp - textile factory

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3
Q

1 cause of accidental poisoning deaths in US

A

Carbon Monoxide - colorless, odorless

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4
Q

CO poisoning - early symptoms

A

headaches, nausea, fatigue - often mistaken for FLU

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5
Q

Odorless, colorless, enters buildings through cracks in foundation

A

Radon

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6
Q

2 cause of lung cancer overall

A

Radon poisoning

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7
Q

1 cause of lung cancer in non-smokers

A

Radon poisoning

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8
Q

First stage: Arsenic toxicity

A

metallic taste

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9
Q

Second stage: Arsenic toxicity

A

garlic-like breath (like mentioned earlier)

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10
Q

Fish high in mercury

A

Shark, tuna, swordfish (high up food-chain)

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11
Q

Pregnant women should not consume >__oz of tuna per week

A

7 oz

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12
Q

Heavy metal toxicity common in children

A

Lead

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13
Q

Lead sources

A

paint, batteries

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14
Q

Most concerning organ in children with lead toxicity

A

Brain

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15
Q

Largest source of Aluminum

A

municipal water supplies

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16
Q

Industrial Solvents - Dioxins and PCBs

A

“Agent Orange”
Break down very slowly
Banned in US in 1977

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17
Q

Dioxins and PCBs: lipophilic or lipophobic?

A

Lipophilic

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18
Q

Humans obtain what % of Dioxin and PCB exposure through food?

A

90%

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19
Q

Dioxin and PCB t1/2 in body

A

D: ~7-11 years
PCB: ~8-15 years

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20
Q

BPA exposure is mainly from what?

A

canned foods

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21
Q

How to reduce BPA exposure

A

never microwave in plastic,
limit consumption of canned foods,
Avoid plastics w/ #7 recycling code

22
Q

Banned in 1972, worldwide in 2004

A

DDT (pesticide)

23
Q

Can take more than 15 years to break down

A

DDT

24
Q

New DDT contamination

A

Atmospheric deposition

25
Q

Odorless and FLAVORLESS, large amounts kill quickly, small amounts over time = slow death

A

Arsenic

26
Q

Human exposure to mercury

A

contaminated fish and direct exposure

27
Q

Pregnant women should not consume >__oz of tuna per week

A

7 oz

28
Q

Mercury is what type of toxin

A

Neurotoxin - Mercury specifically attacks brain and kidneys

29
Q

Lead poisoning common symptom - children

A

Blue gums

30
Q

Not technically heavy metal, can be toxic to brain and nervous system

A

Aluminum

31
Q

Aluminum poisoning symptoms mimic those of___?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

32
Q

What does EDC stand for?

A

Endocrine-disrupting chemical: growing interest in possible health threat

33
Q

EDCs

A

Industrial solvents, plastics, pesticides, pharmaceutical agents, plasticizers, preservative (PPPPI)

34
Q

Banned in 1972, worldwide in 2004

A

DDT (pesticide)

35
Q

Can take more than 15 years to break down

A

DDT

36
Q

New DDT contamination

A

Atmospheric deposition

37
Q

Can infants be exposed to DDT through breastmilk?

A

They sure can

38
Q

DDT t1/2 in humans

A

~8years (stored in fat tissue)

39
Q

2nd MC used pesticide in US

A

Atrazine - applied most heavily in midwest

40
Q

Atrazine human exposure

A

Contaminated streams and groundwater

41
Q

Synthetic form of hormone estrogen***

A

DES - prescribed heavily between 1940-1971

42
Q

What year did the FDA suggest cessation of DES prescription

A

1971

43
Q

Women who took DES during pregnancy have an increased risk of which type of cancer

A

Breast Cancer

44
Q

DES daughters have a 40x increased risk of what?

A

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

45
Q

DES daughters have how much of an increased risk of Breast Cancer

A

2x

46
Q

DES sons have an increased risk of what?

A

Testicular abnormalities

47
Q

In 2008, congress banned which substance from children’s toys

A

Phthalates

48
Q

If a label mentions “fragrance”, it most likely contains what

A

Phthalates

49
Q

Phthalate containing plastics have which recycling code

A

3

50
Q

Parabens are primarily used as what?

A

Preservatives

51
Q

Parabens are primarily absorbed through which organ?

A

Skin

Toxicology Ex 2 (4 decks)

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