Household Chemistry Flashcards
An ACID is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+)
What are properties of an acid?
Acids:
- are corrosive
- have sour taste
- turns blue litmus paper red
- reacts with some metal, carbonates and bases
- conduct electricity
- neutralised by bases
A BASE is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-)
What are properties of a base?
Bases:
- can cause burns
- have a soapy, slimy feel
- turns red litmus paper blue
- have a bitter taste
- conduct electricity
- neutralised (react) with acids
Name common acids with their formula
Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
Sulphuric Acid - H2SO4
Citric Acid - C6H8O7
Nitric Acid - HNO3
Name common bases and with their formula
Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
Ammonia - NH3
Sodium hydrogen carbonate - NaHCO3
Sodium carbonate - Na2CO3
What is the basic pH range? Number and colour
9 - 14, blue - purple
What is the acidic pH range? Number and colour
1 - 5, red - yellow
What is the neutral pH range? Number and colour
6 - 8, green
What is a reactant?
A reactant is a substance that undergoes change during a reaction
What is a product?
A product is formed from a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into products
What are essential to word equations?
- arrows
- reactants
- products
- amount
- use words not symbols
- and -> (not =)
What are the product(s) of:
- Acid + base
- Metal + oxygen
- Metal + acid
- Metal + water
- Salt + water
- Metal oxide
- Metal salt + hydrogen gas
- Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Define combustion
Combustion is the process of burning something
What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete combustion: releases CO2, unlimited oxygen supply, blue flame
Incomplete combustion: releases CO, limited oxygen supply, orange-red flame
What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is the problem caused by increased quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide in the air. The gases trap the heat fro the sun and cause a gradual rise in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere
What is neutralisation?
A chemical reaction between an acid and a base
acid + base -> salt + water
