HOTA UNIT 3 TEST

Question 1

Missouri Compromise

Answer 1

In 1820, Missouri applied for statehood to become the 23rd state. However, Missouri allows slavery. At the time, slave states and free states are even in Congress—11 each—and Congress does not want this to change because it will shift the balance of power to the slave states. To solve the dilemma, Maine is created to be the 24th state and will not allow slavery to keep the numbers even at 12. A compromise line is also drawn across the Louisiana Territory—36 30 latitude line: everything north of the line (with the exception of Missouri) will be free and everything south will be slave territory. This showed sectionalism

Question 2

“Peculiar Institution”

Answer 2

A euphemism for slavery and its economic influence in the American South. One of the four major causes of the Civil War.

Question 3

Abolitionists

Answer 3

Supporters of abolition or ending slavery; famous abolitionists include Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner Truth.

Question 4

Sectionalism

Answer 4

loyalty and identity with one’s region. It can be defined as “my region right or wrong.” Examples: Slavery, Abolition, Tariff of Abominations, John C. Calhoun, Webster-Hayne Debate. One of four major causes of the Civil War.

Question 5

Underground Railroad

Answer 5

a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada. Around 1831 it was dubbed “The Underground Railroad,” after the then emerging steam railroads. The system even used terms used in railroading: the homes and businesses where fugitives would rest and eat were called “stations” and “depots” and were run by “station masters,” those who contributed money or goods were “stockholders,” and the “conductor” was responsible for moving fugitives from one station to the next.

Question 6

“The Liberator”

Answer 6

Published by William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator was an anti-slavery newspaper. For more than three decades, from the first issue of his weekly paper in 1831, until after the end of the Civil War in 1865 when the last issue was published, Garrison spoke out eloquently and passionately against slavery and for the rights of America’s black inhabitants.

Question 7

Nat Turner

Answer 7

Nat Turner was an abolitionist who led a one-night raid in which he and fellow slaves killed 60 white people in August of 1831. It ignited a culture of fear in Virginia that eventually spread to the rest of the South, and is said to have expedited the coming of the Civil War. In the immediate aftermath of the rebellion, however, many Southern states, including North Carolina, tightened restrictions on African Americans

Question 8

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 8

In 1846, the Wilmot Proviso suggested banning slavery in the new territories gained from the Mexican War. It was not passed, but fueled the slavery debate. Lincoln himself said that if this had passed, the Civil War would never have occurred.

Question 9

Compromise of 1850

Answer 9

California was to enter as a free state and Utah and New Mexico would determine the slavery question by popular sovereignty. Slave trade was also banned in D.C. and the Fugitive Slave Law was strengthened

Question 10

Mexican Cession Lands

Answer 10

As according to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico ceded Upper California and New Mexico to the United States after the Mexican War in 1848. These territories were the topic of debate over slavery.

Question 11

Free Soil Party

Answer 11

Formed in 1844 till the Civil War, the Free Soil party were all against slavery in the territories. Their #1 goal was to prevent labor competition from slaves. Many were racist and did not want blacks in their communities

Question 12

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 12

Passed in 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850, it declared that all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters. This act gained support from the South to pass the Compromise of 1850 and angered Northerners

Question 13

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 13

In 1853, the United States offered to pay Mexico $10 million dollars for territory to build a railroad

Question 14

Nativism

Answer 14

This is the belief that natives should be given more rights

Question 15

Know Nothing Party

Answer 15

The party was formed in 1849 and is also called the American party. They believed in nativism. Members were mostly middle class Protestants, anti-immigration, anti-Catholic, and split over slavery in the territories

Question 16

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 16

In 1854, territory needed to be organized for statehood. The South wanted it to be slave. A compromise was reached: it repealed the Missouri Compromise and divided the territory into Kansas and Nebraska which would determine slavery by popular sovereignty. This led to the events of “Bleeding Kansas” between anti- and pro-slavery forces

Question 17

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 17

In 1854, the Ostend Manifesto suggested that the United States should seize Cuba by force. This upset many anti-slavery Northerners

Question 18

Lincoln-Douglass debates

Answer 18

In 1858, Lincoln and Douglass debated during the Illinois Senate race. Douglass supported Popular Sovereignty and said slavery can be practically prohibited by not having slave codes, called the Free Port Doctrine. Lincoln opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories. Douglass won the race

Question 19

Dred Scott Decision

Answer 19

This involved a slave suing for freedom because his owners had moved into free territory. The decision ruled that African-Americans are not citizens and therefore cannot sue in courts. It said slaves are property and it is illegal to prohibit slavery anywhere.

Question 20

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 20

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, this book made average Northerners who were not abolitionists get motivated to oppose slavery.

Question 21

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 21

The idea to let citizens in the territories vote and decide on the slavery question

Question 22

“Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 22

Voting was reopened in territories above the 36”30” latitude line. Southerners flocked to vote for slavery in Nebraska and Kansas. Both pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces claimed victory which led to violence

Question 23

John Brown

Answer 23

A devoted abolitionist who acted with violence. In 1855, Brown and his sons brutally killed pro-slavery individuals in Kansas. His violence gave Kansas the name “Bleeding Kansas.” In 1859, John Brown led his followers to a Virginia arsenal (Harper’s Ferry) to start a slave rebellion. The raid was unsuccessful because the slaves of the area didn’t rise up in support. He was hanged after his capture and has the legacy of “a freedom fighter” and “a terrorist.”

Question 24

Harper’s Ferry Raid

Answer 24

A Virginia arsenal which was the sight of a abolitionist freedom movement in 1859. The events which occurred here pushed the southern states closer to secession. The southerners believed that their safety was in serious jeopardy if they remained in the United States.

Question 25

Election of 1860

Answer 25

A one sided election in which Abraham Lincoln of the Republican Party was victorious over a divided Democratic Party (Douglas (ND) Breckinridge (SD)) without receiving a single electoral college vote from the southern states. This was the immediate cause of the civil war, because it showed the southern states how little their opinion mattered in the US

Question 26

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 26

An Illinois politician who was elected president in 1860. He and Douglas partook in a series of debates in which Lincoln stated his stance on slavery, to stop its expansion. Lincoln’s election led the southern states to secession. In 1862 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation which freed slaves in states who were in a state of rebellion.

Question 27

Jefferson Davis

Answer 27

The president of the Confederate states. He paid no attention to the Confederacy’s economy and did nothing to prevent its decline. He also was unable to devise a plan to defeat the better suited union army. He was unable to create any diplomatic relations with other countries.

Question 28

Fort Sumter

Answer 28

The first battle of the Civil War in April 1861. Northern leader Robert Anderson and others Union members stationed in Fort Sumter located in South Carolina are fired upon when Union supply ships converge on the fort to resupply it. Beauregard and southern troops are casted as the aggressor. No casualties. Anderson surrenders and returns north.

Question 29

Bull Run

Answer 29

A Civil War battle in Virginia on July 21, 1861. Northern leader McDowell and southerners Beauregard and Jackson with their respective armies meet in a field. Jackson’s men stand like a “stone wall.” People from Washington drive out to picnic and watch the battle. This battle ends in a rout for the Confederate Army, gives the South high hopes and nearly allows Beauregard and Jackson to attack Washington, D.C.

Question 30

Conscription

Answer 30

A term which means draft. Union drafts took place in 1863 and resulted in protests. Confederate drafts were in 1862 and exempted the rich plantation owners. This was one of the reasons why the Civil War was called “a rich man’s problem but a poor man’s battle.”

Question 31

Anaconda Plan

Answer 31

The Union’s Civil War plan, which included a blockade of the Confederacy’s coast, attainment of the Mississippi River (which would divide the south), and the capture of the Confederacy’s capital, Richmond.

Question 32

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 32

President Lincoln’s decree that slaves were now contraband of war. It freed all slaves in rebellious territories (the Confederacy) but not slaves in border states. Lincoln allowed the Confederacy 4 months to return to the Union before the act went into effect. It changed the goal of the war for preserving the union to fighting for slavery. It also allowed African American soldiers to join the Union Army.

Question 33

Antietam

Answer 33

A Civil War battle in Maryland on September 17, 1862. General Lee decides to take the Confederate Army on the offensive and leads his forces into Maryland. At Antietam, McClellan fails to act decisively and allows Lee to escape with his army back into Virginia. McClellan is fired permanently by Lincoln.

Question 34

Copperheads

Answer 34

A group of Anti-Civil War individuals in the North who feared the job competition from freed slaves.

Question 35

Gettysburg

Answer 35

A Civil War battle in Pennsylvania on July 1-3, 1863. Two armies (Union led by Meade, Confederacy by Lee and Longstreet) meet accidentally at town in Pennsylvania. Union occupies Cemetery Ridge, Confederate occupies Seminary Ridge. Charges concluded by failed Pickett’s charge of 10,000 Confederates. This battle will come to be known as the “high tide” of the Confederacy. From this point on Southern defeat will be inevitable.

Question 36

Vicksburg

Answer 36

A Civil War battle fought in Mississippi on April–July 4, 1863. The Union Army is led by Grant and the Confederacy by Pemberton. Grant surrounds city and lays siege for 6 weeks. The city is forced to surrender. The South loses control of the last major city on the Mississippi River. The Confederacy is split in two.

Question 37

“March to the Sea”

Answer 37

A series of destruction lead by Sherman in May 6-December 21, 1864 against Hood and J. Johnston starting in Atlanta. Union General William T. Sherman takes Atlanta and breaks his supply line to head for the Georgia coast. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” is designed “to make Georgia howl” and breaks the fighting spirit of the South.

Question 38

Total War

Answer 38

A type of warfare where total destruction is the goal. Sherman did this in the Confederacy. He took southern good and burned cities. This lead to the loss of hope for the Confederacy and helped in their surrender.

Question 39

Appomattox

Answer 39

The final battle of the Civil War in Virginia. After a series of battles throughout Virginia including the unsuccessful defense of Richmond, Lee is forced to seek surrender terms from Grant. The surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia by Lee effectively ends the war.

Question 40

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 40

Grant was Lincoln and the Union’s most successful general during the Civil War. He won the west by taking over the Mississippi River, captured Richmond and was eventually elected president in 1868

Question 41

Robert E. Lee

Answer 41

A West Point graduate who was offered command of both the Union and Confederate armies. Lee chose the Confederate army, because he did not want to fight against his home (Virginia.) Also Lee’s family owned slaves. He was considered one of the best generals, but he surrendered at Appomattox and successfully ended the war.

Question 42

William T. Sherman

Answer 42

A ruthless Union leader who believed in total war and scorched many Confederate cities. He broke the Confederate moral.

Question 43

Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson

Answer 43

A Confederate general who earned his nickname at Bull Run because he and his troops held a hill like “a stone wall.” Some believe he was an unsuccessful general and he died 1863.

Question 44

Gettysburg Address

Answer 44

Lincoln’s speech at the Gettysburg cemetery which was dedicated to the equality of people. The speech also dedicated part of the battlefield to the Union soldiers who died there. Lincoln asked the Union for increased dedication in the war to finish the work of those who died at Gettysburg

Question 45

Black Codes

Answer 45

A series of laws which limited black rights after Nat Turner. It persuaded free blacks to move away from the south. It listed that blacks could have guns, liquor, assemblies, education, or marriage licenses. It disturbed free blacks and increased the devotion to the north which lead them to defend it after the Emancipation Proclamation.