HOTA Flashcards
Encomienda
A system where Spanish settlers exploited indigenous labor in the Americas, crucial for colonization.
Plantations
Large farms that grew cash crops for sale on the market, such as tobacco, cotton, rice, sugar, or coffee.
Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors who overthrew native empires, expanding Spanish influence in the Americas.
Smallpox
One of the most devastating diseases known to humanity and caused millions of deaths before it was eradicated.
Mita’a System
Forced labor system used by the Spanish in Peru, vital for mining and economic gain.
Viceroy
Spanish officials governing large colonial regions, central to administering the empire.
Hacienda
Large estates in Latin America, key to agricultural production and social hierarchy.
Bartolome De Las Casas
Advocate for indigenous rights, influential in reforming colonial policies.
Crillos
American-born Spaniards, important in colonial society and later independence movements.
Mestizos
Mixed-race individuals, significant in the social structure of Latin American colonies.
Samuel De Champlain
Founder of Quebec, key to establishing French presence in North America.
Quebec
Capital of New France, central to French administration and culture in the Americas.
Coureurs de Bois
Independent fur traders, expanded French influence deep into North America.
Filles De Roi
Women sent to populate New France, crucial for stabilizing the colony.
Les Habitants
French farmers, foundational to the rural economy and culture in New France.
New Amsterdam
A key Dutch settlement that became New York, important for trade and cultural influence.
Patroon
Dutch landholders in New Netherland, influential in shaping regional land ownership and society.
Congregationalists (Puritans)
Established strict religious communities in New England, influencing American values.
Boston
Major colonial city, central to trade and later the American Revolution.
Quakers
Founded Pennsylvania, promoting religious tolerance and shaping the region’s social structure.
Plantation
Large estates using slave labor, vital to the Southern economy, especially in tobacco and cotton.
James Oglethorpe
Founder of Georgia, significant for social reform and early attempts to limit slavery.
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in North America, pivotal in the survival and expansion of English colonies.
