hot arid and semi arid environments definitions Flashcards
semi-arid
having rainfall of less than 500mm per annum
Aridity
is a permanent water deficit: less than 125mm of rainfall per annum
subtropical high-pressure belt
a zone of dry, descending air (high pressure) at the poleward side of the Hadley cell, leading to arid conditions
subtropical high-pressure belt
a zone of dry, descending air (high pressure) at the poleward side of the Hadley cell, leading to arid conditions
continentality
a climate that is charecteristic of a continental area having very hot summers, very cold winters and low rainfall
Rain shadow effects
the drier conditions on the leeward side of the mountains compared with the windward side
desertification
the spread of desert-like conditions, causing land degradation in humid and semi-arid areas - involves the loss of biological and economic productivity and it occurs where climatic variability (especially rainfall) coincides with unsustainable human activities
diurnal
difference between night and day
salt crystal growth
type of mechanical weathering in areas where temperatures fluctuate around 26-28 degrees - leads to the expansion of crystals by 300% such as sodium sulphate and carbonate
thermal fracturing
form of mechanical weathering caused by repeated cycles of heating and cooling over long periods of time
disintergration
type of weathering found in hot desert areas where there is a large diurnal temperature change
block disintergration
form of mechanical weathering whereby rocks are split into blocks, caused by repeated cycles of heating and cooling over long periods of time
granular disintegration
form of mechanical weathering whereby different minerals are broken down, caused by repeated cycles of heating and cooling over long periods of time
hydration
a form of chemical and mechanical weathering whereby rocks take in water, expand and contract and over time are broken down
deflation
lowering of the surface
suspension
describes sediment that are carried aloft (in the air) without touching the ground
pluvial
a period of increased rainfall in deserts
Gours
mushroom pinnacles where the base has been undercut, and bands of hard and soft rock have been differentially sand blasted
Zeugens
wind-eroded rocks in which different different rock strata lie horizontally
Yardangs
wind-eroded rocks where hard and soft rock lie side by side. the softer rocks are worn down to form troughs while harder rocks stand up as wind-worn ridges