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Gen Ed > Hostory Of Music > Flashcards

Hostory Of Music Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 elements of music?

A

1- rhythm
2- melody
3- harmony

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2
Q

What is rhythm?

A

Element of time in music that is considered by the bear

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3
Q

What is tempo? What element of music does it fall under?

A

The speed of the music - falls under rhythm

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4
Q

What is pulse? What element of music does it fall under?

A

The even/consistent beat - falls under rhythm

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5
Q

What is melody?

A

The horizontal element of music

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6
Q

What are the 2 different types of melody?

A

1- conjunct

2- disjunct

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7
Q

Explain conjunct and what element of music it is

A

Simple/easy that has a steady rise and fall - falls under melody

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8
Q

Explain disjunct and what element of music it is

A

Complex huge jumps between notes - falls under melody

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9
Q

What is harmony?

A

The vertical element of music

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of harmony?

A

1- consonant

2- dissonant

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11
Q

Explain consonant and what element of music it is

A

tones/notes that sound pleasing - belongs to harmony

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12
Q

Explain dissonant and what element of music it is

A

Sounds that don’t quite match that want to resolve/blend - belongs to harmony

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13
Q

What is monophonic?

A

Monophonic or monphony is music with only 1 line

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14
Q

What is polyphonic?

A

Polyphonic or polyphony is music with 2 or more lines

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15
Q

What is homophonic?

A

Homophonic or homophony is music with 1 soloist with background music

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16
Q

What is considered the first musical instrument?

A

The voice

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17
Q

What does ancient music bring?

A

Writing

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18
Q

What is the oldest form of writing and what was it written on?

A

Cuneiform which was wedge shaped and written on clay tablets or pottery

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19
Q

What era was the oldest form of musical notation in?

A

In ancient music

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20
Q

What period of music comes after ancient?

A

Medieval

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21
Q

What are the dates for the medieval era?

A

500-1400

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22
Q

How many years pasted and how many different types of songs were there in the medieval era?

A

900 yrs and only 1 type of song

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23
Q

What was the instrument used during the medieval era?

A

1 instrument - the voice

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24
Q

What was the type of music and what was it called in medieval era?

A

Monophonic music - called plainchant

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25
Q

What was the music in the medieval era meant for?

A

Worship

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26
Q

Who discovered the music in the medieval era and how?

A

Pope Gregory - said that God had sent him a bird to sing all the melodies to him

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27
Q

What we’re all the songs called in the medieval era?

A

Gregorian chants - all songs dedicated to him

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28
Q

What happened towards the end of the medieval era?

A

Composers moved to polyphonic music

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29
Q

Who are the 2 well known composers for the end of the medieval era?

A

Leonin and Perotin

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30
Q

What is the church’s involvement during the medieval era?

A

Takes center stage when it came to art in this period = controlled it

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31
Q

What are the 3 things that the church did during the medieval era?

A

1- created music notation
2- unified the chant tradition
3- created polyphony music - through Leonin and Perotin

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32
Q

By the end of the medieval era what did people who learnt how to read and write do?

A

They made secular music (non-sacred)

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33
Q

What became of these people who made secular music? Where were they primary from?

A

Became traveling entertainment - from Germany and France

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34
Q

What period came after the medieval?

A

Renaissance

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35
Q

What are the dates for Renaissance music?

A

1400-1600

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36
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

Rebirth

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37
Q

What is the type of music in the Renaissance period?

A

Polyphonic = 2 or more lines

38
Q

What were the 3 new ideas that people started to get interested in in the Renaissance period?

A

1- letters = writing
2- fine arts
3- humanities

39
Q

What happened to the church during the Renaissance period?

A

People/societies pushed back against it

40
Q

What became of secular music and the fine arts during the Renaissance period?

A

Secular music was used for entertainment

Fine art became arts for arts sake - for enjoyment

41
Q

What were the 4 things that came out of the Renaissance period?

A

1- printing was created
2- music teaching became a profession
3- bourgeois class
4- beginning of opera

42
Q

What did it mean for society at the time for the 4 things that came out of the Renaissance period?
1- printing, 2- music teachers, 3- bourgeois class, 4- opera

A

1- expanded accessibility to music
2- people with expendable money could be exposed to music
3- wealthy middle class = more people with expendable money
4- early musical theatre

43
Q

What era came after the Renaissance?

A

Baroque

44
Q

What are the dates for the baroque era?

A

1600-1750

45
Q

Where does the name Baroque come from and what does it mean?

A

From Portuguese word “Barrocco” meaning ugly beauty

46
Q

Who was the Baroque period named after?

A

Baroque Architecture

47
Q

What were the 3 famous composers of the Baroque era?

A

1- John Sebastian Bach
2- George Fredric Handel
3- Antonio Vivaldi

48
Q

What was the important musical invention that came out of the baroque era?

A

Tonality

49
Q

How many tones are there?

A

12

50
Q

Of the 12 tones what are they cut into and what are they called?

A

Cut into 8s - called scales

51
Q

What does the 8 scales equal?

A

Keys

52
Q

What is the period after Baroque?

A

Classical

53
Q

What are the dates for classical period?

A

1730-1820

54
Q

What is classical music also known as?

A

Western art music

55
Q

Who are the top 3 composers of the classical era?

A

1- Ludwig Van Beethoven
2- Joseph Haydn
3- Amadeus Wolfgang Mozart

56
Q

How does the music change in the classical era? What happens to the theme?

A

Leaves polyphonic into homophonic

Sense of order and cohesion = recognizable theme

57
Q

How was the music performed is the classical era?

A

A great soloist (who would travel) with a local orchestra (one from the town the soloist was playing in)

58
Q

What period came after the classical era?

A

Romantic

59
Q

What are the dates for the romantic era?

A

1815-1910

60
Q

What revolution happened during the romantic era?

A

Industrial revolution

61
Q

What were the 2 things that happened during the industrial revolution?

A

1- Invention of streams power = transport and factories

2- Hand production to machine production

62
Q

What are the 5 traits of the romantic era?

A 
1- preoccupation with nature
2- interests in the past
3- mystic and supernatural 
4- nocturnal 
5- nationalism
63
Q

What do we start to see in the romantic era and how does this affect the music?

A

See internal focus = music becomes about themselves and entertainment came second

64
Q

What era comes after the romantic era?

A

Modern (classical/western art music)

65
Q

What are the dates for the modern era?

A

1900-1930

66
Q

What was the main idea of the modern era?

A

Innovation, sense that anything goes and everyone is looking for originality

67
Q

What was the main focus in the modern era?

A

Focused on Aesthetics - idea of art and beauty

68
Q

What is the period after the modern era?

A

Popular music

69
Q

What are the dates for popular music?

A

1900-present

70
Q

What did Philip Tagg say that sums up what popular music was about?

A

Should sell as much as possible of as little as possible to as many as possible

71
Q

What are the 3 ideals that popular music brought round?

A

1- conceived mass distribution
2- stored and distributed in non-written form
3- only possible in monetary society

72
Q

What were the 2 inventions that made music so popular?

A

1- phonograph - Thomas Edison
2- Gramophone - A.W. Bell
They recorded and played sound

73
Q

What aspect of music was mass produced during the popular music time?

A

Sheet music

74
Q

What typed of music was produced from the mix of Congo square?

A

Ragtime music = party music

75
Q

What music was inspired from ragtime and by who?

A

Dixieland - Buddy Bolden

76
Q

What was the first popular music recorded? What year and where?

A

Dixieland jazz band - 1917 form Chicago

77
Q

Who is the most famous jazz musician?

A

Louis Armstrong

78
Q

1900 - most popular music and by who?

A

Ragtime - Scott Joplin

79
Q

1910 - most popular music and 2 creators?

A

Dixieland
Buddy bolden - inventor
Louis Armstrong - most famous -> smoothed out ragtime

80
Q

1920 - music and what this brought to society?

A

Early swing = dancing/social music

81
Q

1930 - music and what did this mean for musicians?

A

Big band - no individuality

82
Q

1940 - music and what this meant for musicians?

A

Bebop - music for musicians as it was fast and not for dancing with high virtuosity (skill)

83
Q

What is blues a mix of?

A

R&B blend of jazz music

84
Q

1950- music and structure?

A

Rock&roll - structure of early form of the blues

85
Q

Who produced the first rock and roll song? What year?

A

1955 - Bill Haley and the comets - rock around the clock

86
Q

Who was the biggest rock and roll star?

A

Elvis Presley

87
Q

1960 - music and 4 messages?

A

The British Invasion (Beatles) - anything can happen, exploration, sex, drugs, rock&roll, psychedelic movement

88
Q

1970- music and what this meant for musicians?

A

The “me” generation - lots of money starts exchanging hands

89
Q

1980 - music and tv changed it?

A

Synthesizers - music on TV = more about the imagine switch from creating music to performing

90
Q

1990 - what type of music now?

A

Alternative, pop punk, teen pop, contemporary etc.

Gen Ed (3 decks)

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