Host-to-Host Communications Flashcards
Which three statements about the need for protocols are true? (Choose three.)
A. Communication is possible without protocols.
B. Protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections with each other.
C. Without protocols, vendors would not be able to implement communication functions.
D. Without protocols, vendors would not be able to provide interoperability between new and existing products, services, and processes
E. Protocols are required and used only in computer communication.
A. Communication is possible without protocols.
B. Protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections with each other.
D. Without protocols, vendors would not be able to provide interoperability between new and existing products, services, and processes
The correct answers are “Communication is possible without protocols,” “Protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections with each other,” and “Without protocols, vendors would not be able to provide interoperability between new and existing products, services, and processes.” Although it is possible to communicate without protocols, it is questionable how successful or efficient this communication would be. The internet is an example of a large network, built based on unwritten consensus of all contributors. Protocols provide requirements for communication tasks, not the exact implementation specifications. Vendors would still know how to build these functions. What they build may not be compatible so it is to their advantage to align to a standard. This fosters competition and improvements. Rules about the correct way to act in formal situations are also called protocols. Protocols are also written and followed in scientific experimentation or medical treatments; therefore, they are not exclusive to computer networking.
Which layer in the OSI model provides path connectivity beyond the local segment?
A. data link layer
B. network layer
C. transport layer
D. session layer
E. application layer
B. network layer
Which four statements about the lower three layers (Link, Internet, and Transport) of the TCP/IP protocol suite are true? (Choose four.)
A. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that bits are moved over wires or air.
B. TCP/IP lower layer protocols interact directly with users.
C. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that data reaches the destination host, no matter where it is located.
D. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that data is adapted to the physical medium used, no matter how many different networks data must traverse.
E. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that each application gets its data and not that of the other application.
F. TCP/IP lower layers do not include any error reporting.
A. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that bits are moved over wires or air.
C. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that data reaches the destination host, no matter where it is located.
D. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that data is adapted to the physical medium used, no matter how many different networks data must traverse.
E. TCP/IP lower layer protocols make sure that each application gets its data and not that of the other application.
What is the PDU called at the Internet layer?
A. packet
B. data
C. segment
D. frame
A. packet
At which TCP/IP layer does de-encapsulation first occur?
A. Application
B. Link
C. Transport
D. Internet
E. Physical
B. Link
To which of the TCP/IP layers would the ISO OSI session layer fit?
A. Link layer
B. Internet layer
C. Transport layer
D. Application layer
D. Application layer
Which statement is false regarding the encapsulation process?
A. Encapsulation is the process used by the sending device to remove one or more of the protocol headers.
B. Segment is the PDU of the transport layer.
C. The encapsulation process is performed from top to bottom layer.
D. Encapsulation creates a jumbo packet of the PDU and fragmentation must be enabled.
A. Encapsulation is the process used by the sending device to remove one or more of the protocol headers.
Which ISO OSI layer ensures that the application layer of the receiving system will be able to read the information that the application layer of another system has sent?
A. transport layer
B. presentation layer
C. session layer
D. network layer
B. presentation layer
Which TCP/IP stack layer provides logical addressing?
A. Link
B. Transport
C. Application
D. Internet
D. Internet
Which ISO OSI layer defines services to segment the data?
A. presentation layer
B. session layer
C. transport layer
D. network layer
C. transport layer
To which ISO OSI model layer or layers does the TCP/IP model application layer correspond to?
A. network
B. transport
C. session
D. session, presentation, and application
D. session, presentation, and application
Which two statements about the layered model of communication are true? (Choose two.)
A. Layering makes communication itself less complex.
B. Layer processes on a host logically communicate with the same layer processes on another host.
C. Layer processes on a host are independent and communicate with any of the other layers.
D. Layering facilitates troubleshooting by making it possible to diagnose and narrow a cause to specific layers.
E. Layering of functions is only theoretical and not implemented in real-world.
B. Layer processes on a host logically communicate with the same layer processes on another host.
D. Layering facilitates troubleshooting by making it possible to diagnose and narrow a cause to specific layers.
Which ISO OSI model layer or layers align to the TCP/IP model transport layer?
A. network
B. transport
C. session
D. session, presentation, and application
B. transport
