Hospital and Surgical Sanitation :) Flashcards
Define Pathogenic:
Capable of causing disease
Define Asepsis:
An absence of living pathogenic microorganisms
Define Sepsis:
The presence of pathogenic microorganisms
Define Inanimate:
Non-living object (such a a table)
Define Sanitation:
Cleanliness measures taken to promote health and prevent disease
Define Disinfectant:
An agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms, refers to inanimate objects
Define Sterilization:
Destruction of all microorganisms in or about an object or surface; Generally refers to inanimate objects that come in contact with sterile tissues
Define Antiseptic:
An agent capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents; In reference to living tissue
Define Spores:
Portions of a bacteria call that can be resistant to sterilization and can survive in the environment for extended periods of time in adverse conditions
Define Bactericidal:
Destroys bacteria; may not destroy spores within bacteria
Define Sporicidal:
Destroys spores within bacteria
Define Virucidal:
Destroys viruses
Define Fomite:
An inanimate object or material on which disease producing agents may be transported (i.e: bedding, kennels, etc)
Define Infection:
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues
Define Contamination:
Rendering harmful or unsuitable because of the presence of microorganisms
Define Virulence:
The degree to which a microorganism is able to cause disease (mortality)
Define Microorganisms:
A microscopic organism, includes bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa
Define Nosocomial Infection:
A hospital acquired infection
Define Zoonotic:
Diseases of animal transmissible to man
Define Peritonitis:
Inflammation in the abdominal cavity
Define Pleuritis:
Inflammation in the thoracic cavity
Define Dehiscence:
The disruption of the surgical wound (incision)
What are the components of a bacteria cell?
Cell membrane, cell wall, spore, cytoplasm, capsule, chromosome, flagellum
Two classifications of bacteria?
Rod-shaped: Bacilli
Round-shaped: Cocci
Do bacteria always contain endospores (spores)?
No, some do and some do not
Which bacteria is corkscrew shaped?
Rickettsia; commonly associated with tick born disease
What part of the bacteria do spores protect? Why?
Vital parts; So that when the element is available again, bacteria can grow and multiply
Define Viruses:
Much smaller/simpler than bacteria; Require invasion into a living cell in order to multiply
Define Fungi:
Induces mold and yeasts
Define Protozoa:
A parasite; Single celled organisms; Giardia is an example
What are the components of hospital sanitization?
1: General clean up of organic debris
2: Minimize clutter
3: Decide on disinfection and/or sterilization for each item or area
What is the purpose of hospital sanitization?
1: Prevent the spread of disease
2: Prevent cross contamination
3: Public relations (clients feel better if hospital smells clean)
Why is it better to use enzymes for air freshener rather than other air fresheners?
Flowery sprays and febreze tend to ‘‘cover up’’ smell in a way that doesn’t actually cover up the smell
What are the requirements for sanitation in reception/exam rooms?
Prevent cross contamination (i.e: Kennel cough, upper respiratory infections); Clean smell
What are the requirements for sanitation in treatment room?
1: Must clean constantly, keep neat
2: Patients in this area should be considered immune compromised
What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to floors?
1: Vacuum/mop daily
2: Should have seperate mop bucket for each region of facility
3: Separate vacuum for surgical prep area
What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to garbage buckets?
1: MUST have lid
2: Use bags
3: Empty daily
4: Scrub out weekly
What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to walls and fixtures?
1: Clean monthly, spot clean daily
2: Dust surgical light especially, NO DUST!
What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to supplies?
Minimize re-use as much as possible (i.e: I.V lines and syringes)
What are the requirements for sanitation with tables?
1: Disinfect after each animal
2: Ensure agent used is appropriate and contact time is sufficient
What are the requirements for sanitation for lab coats and kennel laundry?
Periodic bleach run with correct dilution of bleach
What are the requirements for sanitation for shoes?
Separate shoes for inside clinic
What are the control charts for?
Checklist of duties to be done and schedule for equipment maintenance
What are some characteristics of disinfectants that we should look for?
Non-toxic
Non-corrosive
Non-irritating
Non-toxic
Kills all pathogens
Residual activity
What are some facts about disinfectants?
- Most inactive by organic debris
- Dilution is essential
- Rotate products on regular basis
- Required to read label (WHMIS)
- Cats are susceptible to some products (i.e: Lysol)
What are the animal requirements?
- Clean environment
- Comfort
- Security
- Food/water
- Exercise
- Prompt medical treatment
- Dignity
What should you ensure that is on and sized properly before exercise with medium, large and small dogs?
Medium to large dogs should have a non-slip collar on and small dogs have harnesses
What is the purpose of Aseptic techniques?
Precautions taken to prevent contamination and the spread of infectious agents
Factors which determine if an infection may occur:
- Number of microorganisms present
- Virulence of the microorganism
- Susceptibility of the patient
- Route of exposure
Rules of Surgical Asepsis:
- Protect exposed tissue of patient
- Proper operating room conduct/adherence to guidelines
- Everyone must know where the sterile area is and which items
What are the categories of disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis:
Chemical or Physical
What are the chemical methods?
Gases, Liquids (detergents, soaps, etc)
What are the physical methods?
Radiation and moist heat (autoclave)
Are mature bacteria harder to kill?
Yes
Is temperature very important in the efficiency of the chemical and physical methods?
YES
What is an Ideal Agent?
Chemical method; not very practical, tend to compromise
- Kills all forms of pathogenic organisms
- Cost effective
- Effective with short contact time
