Hospital and Surgical Sanitation :)

Question 1

Define Pathogenic:

Answer 1

Capable of causing disease

Question 2

Define Asepsis:

Answer 2

An absence of living pathogenic microorganisms

Question 3

Define Sepsis:

Answer 3

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms

Question 4

Define Inanimate:

Answer 4

Non-living object (such a a table)

Question 5

Define Sanitation:

Answer 5

Cleanliness measures taken to promote health and prevent disease

Question 6

Define Disinfectant:

Answer 6

An agent that destroys or inhibits microorganisms, refers to inanimate objects

Question 7

Define Sterilization:

Answer 7

Destruction of all microorganisms in or about an object or surface; Generally refers to inanimate objects that come in contact with sterile tissues

Question 8

Define Antiseptic:

Answer 8

An agent capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents; In reference to living tissue

Question 9

Define Spores:

Answer 9

Portions of a bacteria call that can be resistant to sterilization and can survive in the environment for extended periods of time in adverse conditions

Question 10

Define Bactericidal:

Answer 10

Destroys bacteria; may not destroy spores within bacteria

Question 11

Define Sporicidal:

Answer 11

Destroys spores within bacteria

Question 12

Define Virucidal:

Answer 12

Destroys viruses

Question 13

Define Fomite:

Answer 13

An inanimate object or material on which disease producing agents may be transported (i.e: bedding, kennels, etc)

Question 14

Define Infection:

Answer 14

Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues

Question 15

Define Contamination:

Answer 15

Rendering harmful or unsuitable because of the presence of microorganisms

Question 16

Define Virulence:

Answer 16

The degree to which a microorganism is able to cause disease (mortality)

Question 17

Define Microorganisms:

Answer 17

A microscopic organism, includes bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa

Question 18

Define Nosocomial Infection:

Answer 18

A hospital acquired infection

Question 19

Define Zoonotic:

Answer 19

Diseases of animal transmissible to man

Question 20

Define Peritonitis:

Answer 20

Inflammation in the abdominal cavity

Question 21

Define Pleuritis:

Answer 21

Inflammation in the thoracic cavity

Question 22

Define Dehiscence:

Answer 22

The disruption of the surgical wound (incision)

Question 23

What are the components of a bacteria cell?

Answer 23

Cell membrane, cell wall, spore, cytoplasm, capsule, chromosome, flagellum

Question 24

Two classifications of bacteria?

Answer 24

Rod-shaped: Bacilli
Round-shaped: Cocci

Question 25

Do bacteria always contain endospores (spores)?

Answer 25

No, some do and some do not

Question 26

Which bacteria is corkscrew shaped?

Answer 26

Rickettsia; commonly associated with tick born disease

Question 27

What part of the bacteria do spores protect? Why?

Answer 27

Vital parts; So that when the element is available again, bacteria can grow and multiply

Question 28

Define Viruses:

Answer 28

Much smaller/simpler than bacteria; Require invasion into a living cell in order to multiply

Question 29

Define Fungi:

Answer 29

Induces mold and yeasts

Question 30

Define Protozoa:

Answer 30

A parasite; Single celled organisms; Giardia is an example

Question 31

What are the components of hospital sanitization?

Answer 31

1: General clean up of organic debris 2: Minimize clutter 3: Decide on disinfection and/or sterilization for each item or area

Question 32

What is the purpose of hospital sanitization?

Answer 32

1: Prevent the spread of disease 2: Prevent cross contamination 3: Public relations (clients feel better if hospital smells clean)

Question 33

Why is it better to use enzymes for air freshener rather than other air fresheners?

Answer 33

Flowery sprays and febreze tend to ''cover up'' smell in a way that doesn't actually cover up the smell

Question 34

What are the requirements for sanitation in reception/exam rooms?

Answer 34

Prevent cross contamination (i.e: Kennel cough, upper respiratory infections); Clean smell

Question 35

What are the requirements for sanitation in treatment room?

Answer 35

1: Must clean constantly, keep neat 2: Patients in this area should be considered immune compromised

Question 36

What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to floors?

Answer 36

1: Vacuum/mop daily 2: Should have seperate mop bucket for each region of facility 3: Separate vacuum for surgical prep area

Question 37

What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to garbage buckets?

Answer 37

1: MUST have lid 2: Use bags 3: Empty daily 4: Scrub out weekly

Question 38

What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to walls and fixtures?

Answer 38

1: Clean monthly, spot clean daily 2: Dust surgical light especially, NO DUST!

Question 39

What are the requirements for sanitation when it comes to supplies?

Answer 39

Minimize re-use as much as possible (i.e: I.V lines and syringes)

Question 40

What are the requirements for sanitation with tables?

Answer 40

1: Disinfect after each animal 2: Ensure agent used is appropriate and contact time is sufficient

Question 41

What are the requirements for sanitation for lab coats and kennel laundry?

Answer 41

Periodic bleach run with correct dilution of bleach

Question 42

What are the requirements for sanitation for shoes?

Answer 42

Separate shoes for inside clinic

Question 43

What are the control charts for?

Answer 43

Checklist of duties to be done and schedule for equipment maintenance

Question 44

What are some characteristics of disinfectants that we should look for?

Answer 44

Non-toxic Non-corrosive Non-irritating Non-toxic Kills all pathogens Residual activity

Question 45

What are some facts about disinfectants?

Answer 45

- Most inactive by organic debris - Dilution is essential - Rotate products on regular basis - Required to read label (WHMIS) - Cats are susceptible to some products (i.e: Lysol)

Question 46

What are the animal requirements?

Answer 46

- Clean environment - Comfort - Security - Food/water - Exercise - Prompt medical treatment - Dignity

Question 47

What should you ensure that is on and sized properly before exercise with medium, large and small dogs?

Answer 47

Medium to large dogs should have a non-slip collar on and small dogs have harnesses

Question 48

What is the purpose of Aseptic techniques?

Answer 48

Precautions taken to prevent contamination and the spread of infectious agents

Question 49

Factors which determine if an infection may occur:

Answer 49

- Number of microorganisms present - Virulence of the microorganism - Susceptibility of the patient - Route of exposure

Question 50

Rules of Surgical Asepsis:

Answer 50

- Protect exposed tissue of patient - Proper operating room conduct/adherence to guidelines - Everyone must know where the sterile area is and which items

Question 51

What are the categories of disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis:

Answer 51

Chemical or Physical

Question 52

What are the chemical methods?

Answer 52

Gases, Liquids (detergents, soaps, etc)

Question 53

What are the physical methods?

Answer 53

Radiation and moist heat (autoclave)

Question 54

Are mature bacteria harder to kill?

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

Is temperature very important in the efficiency of the chemical and physical methods?

Answer 55

YES

Question 56

What is an Ideal Agent?

Answer 56

Chemical method; not very practical, tend to compromise - Kills all forms of pathogenic organisms - Cost effective - Effective with short contact time