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sigma hosa > HOSA sigma > Flashcards

HOSA sigma Flashcards

1
Q

a,an

A

Definition: Without, not, or lack of.
Example: Anemia - a condition where there is a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

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2
Q

ab-,abs-

A

Definition: Away from.
Example: Abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

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3
Q

Abdomin/o-

A

Definition: Pertaining to the abdomen.
Example: Abdominoplasty - surgical repair of the abdominal area.

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4
Q

Abort/o-

A

Definition: Premature expulsion of a fetus; termination of pregnancy.
Example: Abortion - the termination of a pregnancy.

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5
Q

Acanth/o-

A

Definition: Spiny or thorny.
Example: Acanthosis - thickening of the skin with a spiny appearance, often associated with insulin resistance.

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6
Q

Acro-

A

Definition: Extremities (hands, feet, or top).
Example: Acromegaly - enlargement of the extremities due to excessive growth hormone.

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6
Q

Acoust/o-

A

Definition: Hearing or sound.
Example: Acoustic - relating to sound or the sense of hearing, as in acoustic nerve.

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7
Q

Actin/o-

A

Definition: Light or radiation.
Example: Actinotherapy - treatment using ultraviolet light or other radiation.

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8
Q

ad- (af-)

A

Definition: Emphasizes movement or action toward something, often used in verbs or terms indicating physical movement or a relationship.
Example: Adduction: The action of moving a body part toward the midline.

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9
Q

-ad

A

Definition:Specifies directionality or orientation, often in an anatomical or spatial context.
Example: Cephalad: Toward the head (used to describe position or movement in anatomy).

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10
Q

Aden/o-

A

Definition: Gland.
Example: Adenitis - inflammation of a gland.

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11
Q

Adip/o-

A

Definition: Fat.
Example: Adipocyte - a fat cell.

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12
Q

Adren/o-

A

Definition: Adrenal glands.
Example: Adrenaline - a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.

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13
Q

-aemia

A

Definition: Condition of the blood.
Example: Anaemia - a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

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14
Q

Aer/o-

A

Definition: Air or gas.
Example: Aerosol - a suspension of particles in air or gas.

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15
Q

-agogue

A

Definition: agent that promotes expulsion of a substance
Example: Cholagogue - a substance that stimulates bile flow.

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16
Q

-agra

A

Definition: Sudden pain or seizure.
Example: Podagra - gout in the foot, especially the big toe.

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17
Q

-al

A

Definition: Related to
Example: Renal - pertaining to the kidneys.

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18
Q

Albumin/o-

A

Definition: Albumin, a protein found in blood plasma.
Example: Albuminuria - the presence of albumin in the urine.

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19
Q

-algesia, -algia

A

Definition: Pain
Example: Myalgia - muscle pain.

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20
Q

All/o-

A

Definition: Other, different, .
Example: Allograft - a tissue graft from a donor of the same species but genetically different from the recipient.

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21
Q

Amb/i-

A

Definition: Both or on both sides.
Example: Ambidextrous - able to use both hands equally well.

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22
Q

amph-, amphi-, ampho-

A

Definition: Both, on both sides, or around.
Example: Amphibian - an organism that can live both on land and in water.

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23
Q

Ana-

A

Definition: Up, back, again, excessive, or apart.
Example:
Anatomy: The study of the structure of the body (from “ana-“ meaning apart and “tomy” meaning cutting).
Anabolism: The process of building up complex molecules from simpler ones in the body.

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24
Q

Andro-

A

Definition: masculine.
Example: Androgen - a hormone that promotes male characteristics.

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25
Q

Angi/o-

A

Definition: Vessel
Example: Angioplasty - a surgical procedure to restore blood flow in a vessel.

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26
Q

Aniso-

A

Definition: Unequal or dissimilar.
Example: Anisocytosis - a condition where red blood cells are of unequal sizes.

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27
Q

Ankyl/o-

A

Definition: Crooked, bent, or stiff.
Example: Ankylosis - abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of bones.

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28
Q

Ante-

A

Definition: Before, in front of.
Example: Antepartum - occurring before childbirth.

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29
Q

Antero-

A

Definition: Front or forward.
Example: Anterolateral - located in front and to the side.

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30
Q

Anthropo-

A

Definition: Human
Example: Anthropology - the study of humans and their societies.

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31
Q

Ant/i-

A

Definition: Against, opposite.
Example: Antibiotic - a substance that works against bacteria.

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32
Q

Antr/o-

A

Definition: Cavity or chamber, especially in a bone.
Example: Antrotomy - surgical incision into an antrum (e.g., the sinus cavity)

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33
Q

Apo-

A

Definition: separate.
Example: Apoptosis - programmed cell death, where cells separate from the body.

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34
Q

Arch, Arche, Archi-

A

Definition: First or principal.
Example: Archetype - the first or original model.

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35
Q

Arteri/o-

A

Definition: Artery.
Example: Arteriosclerosis - hardening of the arteries.

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36
Q

Arthr/o-

A

Definition: Joint.
Example: Arthritis - inflammation of the joints.

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37
Q

-ase

A

Definition: Enzyme.
Example: Lactase - an enzyme that breaks down lactose.

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38
Q

Astro-

A

Definition: Star or star-shaped.
Example: Astrocyte - a star-shaped glial cell in the brain.

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39
Q

Atelo-

A

Definition: Incomplete.
Example: Atelecstasis - incomplete expansion of the lungs (collapsed lung).

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40
Q

Ather/o-

A

Definition: Fatty plaque.
Example: Atherosclerosis - buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries.

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41
Q

Atmo-

A

Definition: gas.
Example: Atmosphere - the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth.

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42
Q

Atre-

A

Definition: Closed or lacking an opening.
Example: Atresia - absence or closure of a normal body opening.

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43
Q

Aut/o-

A

Definition: Self.
Example: Autonomy - the ability to function independently or self-control.

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44
Q

Axio-

A

Definition: Axis or line.
Example: Axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton along the body’s axis.

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45
Q

Axo-

A

Definition: Axis, axle, or pertaining to a nerve axon.
Example: Axon - the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

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46
Q

Brachio-

A

Definition: Arm.
Example: Brachiocephalic - relating to both the arm and the head, such as the brachiocephalic artery, which supplies blood to the arm and head.

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47
Q

Bacteri/o-

A

Definition: Bacteria.
Example: Bacteriology - the study of bacteria.

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48
Q

bar/o-

A

Definition: Pressure or weight.
Example: Barometer - an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.

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49
Q

balan/o-

A

Definition: Glans penis or glans clitoris.
Example: Balanitis - inflammation of the glans penis

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50
Q

basi/o-

A

Definition: Base or foundation.
Example: Basilar artery - an artery located at the base of the brain.

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51
Q

bi/s-

A

Definition: Two, twice, double.
Example: Bilateral - pertaining to both sides.

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52
Q

Bili-

A

Definition: Bile
Example: Bilirubin - a bile pigment formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin.

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53
Q

Bio-

A

Definition: Life or living.
Example: Biology - the study of living organisms.

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54
Q

Blast-,-blast

A

Definition: Immature cell, germ cell, or bud.
Example: Blastocyte - an immature, developing cell.

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55
Q

blenn/o-

A

Definition: Mucus.
Example: Blennorrhea - excessive secretion of mucus.

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56
Q

blephar/o-

A

Definition: Eyelid.
Example: Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid.

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57
Q

brachy-

A

Definition: Short.
Example: Brachycephalic - having a short, broad head.

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58
Q

brady-

A

Definition: Slow.
Example: Bradycardia - abnormally slow heart rate.

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59
Q

brom/o-

A

Definition: Bromine or compounds containing bromine.
Example: Bromoderma - a skin condition caused by exposure to or ingestion of bromine compounds.

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60
Q

bronch-, bronchi-, broncho-

A

Definition: Bronchus or airways in the lungs.
Example: Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi.

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61
Q

bronchiol/o-

A

Definition: Bronchioles, the smaller branches of the bronchi in the lungs.
Example: Bronchiolitis - inflammation of the bronchioles.

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62
Q

calc/o-

A

Definition: Calcium
Example: Hypercalcemia - excessive calcium in the blood.

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63
Q

cac-, caci-, caco-

A

Definition: Bad, ill, or abnormal.
Example: Cachexia - weakness and wasting of the body due to severe illness.

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64
Q

calcan/eo-

A

Definition: Heel bone (calcaneus).
Example: Calcaneodynia - pain in the heel bone.

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65
Q

carcin-

A

Definition: Cancer.
Example: Carcinoma - a type of cancer that begins in epithelial tissue.

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66
Q

cardi/o-

A

Definition: Heart.
Example: Cardiomegaly - enlargement of the heart.

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67
Q

carpo-

A

Definition: Wrist.
Example: Carpal tunnel syndrome - a condition affecting the wrist.

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68
Q

cat-, cata-, cath-, kat-, kata-

A

Definition: Down, against, lower, or complete.
Example: Catabolism - the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.

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69
Q

cel/o-

A

Definition: cavity.
Example: Celiotomy - surgical incision into the abdominal cavity

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70
Q

-cele

A

Definition: Hernia, swelling.
Example: Hydrocele - a fluid-filled swelling in the scrotum.

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71
Q

cent-

A

Definition: One hundred.
Example: Centimeter - a unit of measurement equal to one hundredth of a meter.

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72
Q

cephal/o-

A

Definition: Head.
Example: Cephalalgia - headache.

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73
Q

cerebell/o-

A

Definition: Cerebellum (part of the brain).
Example: Cerebellitis - inflammation of the cerebellum

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74
Q

cervic/a-

A

Definition: Neck or cervix (lower part of the uterus).
Example: Cervical - relating to the neck or the cervix.

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75
Q

cheil-, cheilo-, chil-, chilo-

A

Definition: Lips.
Example: Cheilitis - inflammation of the lips.

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76
Q

chem/o-

A

Definition: Chemical or drug.
Example: Chemotherapy - treatment of disease using chemicals or drugs.

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77
Q

chir/o-

A

Definition: Hand.
Example: Chiropractor - a specialist in manipulating the spine and hands for therapeutic purposes.

78
Q

chlor/o-

A

Definition: Green.
Example: Chlorophyll - the green pigment in plants.

79
Q

chol/e-

A

Definition: Bile or gall.
Example: Cholelithiasis - the formation of gallstones.

80
Q

cholangi/o-

A

Definition: Bile ducts.
Example: Cholangitis - inflammation of the bile ducts.

81
Q

cholecyst/o-

A

Definition: Gallbladder.
Example: Cholecystectomy - surgical removal of the gallbladder.

82
Q

choledoch/o-

A

Definition: Common bile duct.
Example: Choledocholithiasis - presence of stones in the common bile duct.

83
Q

chondr/o-

A

Definition: Cartilage.
Example: Chondritis - inflammation of cartilage.

84
Q

chrom/o-

A

Definition: Color.
Example: Chromosome - a structure in the cell that stains easily with dyes (literally “colored body”)

85
Q

-cide

A

Definition: To kill or destroy.
Example: Pesticide - a substance used to kill pests.

86
Q

cine-

A

Definition: Movement.
Example: Cineradiography - recording of moving X-ray images.

87
Q

circum-

A

Definition: Around or about.
Example: Circumcision - surgical removal of the foreskin around the penis.

88
Q

clied/o-

A

Definition: Clavicle (collarbone).
Example: Cleidotomy - surgical division of the clavicle.

89
Q

clavicul/o-

A

Definition: Clavicle (collarbone).
Example: Clavicular - relating to the clavicle.

90
Q

-cle, -cule

A

Definition: Small, little.
Example: Vesicle - a small fluid-filled sac.

91
Q

co-, com-, con-

A

Definition: With, together, or jointly.
Example: Congenital - existing at birth (literally “born with”).

92
Q

contra-

A

Definition: Against or opposite.
Example: Contraindication - a condition that makes a treatment inadvisable

93
Q

crani/o-

A

Definition: Skull.
Example: Craniotomy - surgical opening of the skull

94
Q

cry/o-

A

Definition: Cold.
Example: Cryotherapy - treatment using cold temperatures.

95
Q

-cusis, -cusia

A

Definition: Hearing.
Example: Presbycusis - age-related hearing loss.

96
Q

cyan/o-

A

Definition: Blue.
Example: Cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen.

97
Q

cyclo-

A

Definition: Circle, cycle, or ciliary body of the eye.
Example: Cycloplegia - paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye.

98
Q

cyst/o-, -cyst

A

Definition: Bladder, or cyst.
Example: Cystoscopy - examination of the bladder using a scope.

99
Q

cyto-, -cyte

A

Definition: Cell.
Example: Leukocyte - a white blood cell.

100
Q

dacry-

A

Definition: Tears
Example: Dacryoadenitis - inflammation of the tear-producing glands.

101
Q

dactyl-

A

Definition: Finger or toe.
Example: Polydactyly - having extra fingers or toes.

102
Q

de-

A

Definition: Down, removal, reversal.
Example: Dehydration - removal or loss of water.

103
Q

dec/a-

A

Definition: Ten.
Example: Decade - a period of ten years

104
Q

deci-

A

Definition: One-tenth.
Example: Deciliter - one-tenth of a liter.

105
Q

demi-

A

Definition: Half
Example: Demilune - a crescent-shaped structure, such as in certain glands.

106
Q

dent-, denti-, dento-

A

Definition: Tooth.
Example: Dentist - a professional specializing in teeth.

107
Q

derm-, derma-, dermato-, dermo-

A

Definition: Skin.
Example: Dermatology - the study of the skin.

108
Q

deuter-, deutero-, deuto-

A

Definition: Second or secondary.
Example: Deuteropathy - a secondary disease or complication

109
Q

dextro-

A

Definition: Right
Example: Dextrocardia - a condition where the heart is located on the right side of the body.

110
Q

di-

A

Definition: Two or double.
Example: Diplegia - paralysis affecting both sides of the body.

111
Q

dia-

A

Definition: Through, across, or completely.
Example: Dialysis - the process of separating substances through a membrane

112
Q

dipla-, diplo-

A

Definition: Double.
Example: Diplopia - double vision.

113
Q

dips/o-

A

Definition: Thirst.
Example: Polydipsia - excessive thirst

114
Q

dis-

A

Definition: Apart, away, or not.
Example: Dislocation - the displacement of a joint or bone.

115
Q

dors-, dorsi-, dorso-

A

Definition: Back
Example: Dorsiflexion - bending backward, such as the foot.

116
Q

duoden/o-

A

Definition: Duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
Example: Duodenoscopy - visual examination of the duodenum.

117
Q

-dynia

A

Definition: Pain.
Example: Gastrodynia - stomach pain.

118
Q

dys-

A

Definition: Difficulty, painful, abnormal
Example: Dysfunction - impaired or abnormal function.

119
Q

-eal

A

Definition: Pertaining to.
Example: Peritoneal - pertaining to the peritoneum (a membrane lining the abdominal cavity).

120
Q

ec-, ecto-

A

Definition: Out, outside, or external.
Example: Ectoplasm - the outer layer of the cytoplasm in a cell.

121
Q

-ectomy

A

Definition: Surgical removal or excision.
Example: Appendectomy - the surgical removal of the appendix.

122
Q

ectro-

A

Definition: Congenital absence or malformation.
Example: Ectrodactyly - a congenital condition involving the absence of fingers or toes.
ectro-

123
Q

ef-, es-, ex-

A

Definition: Out, away from.
Example:
Effusion - the process of a fluid moving out of a vessel or cavity.
Exhale - to breathe out.

124
Q

electr/o-

A

Definition: Electricity.
Example: Electrocardiogram - a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

125
Q

embol/o-

A

Definition: Embolus or plug.
Example: Embolism - a blockage in a blood vessel caused by a clot or other substance.

126
Q

-emesis

A

Definition: Vomiting.
Example: Hyperemesis - excessive vomiting

127
Q

-emia

A

Definition: Blood condition.
Example: Anemia - a condition where there’s a lack of healthy red blood cells.

128
Q

en-

A

Definition: In, into, or within.
Example: Encapsulated - enclosed within a capsule.

129
Q

enantio-

A

Definition: Opposite or opposed.
Example: Enantiomer - a molecule that is a mirror image of another.

130
Q

end/o-

A

Definition: Inside, within.
Example: Endoscope - an instrument used to look inside the body.

131
Q

ent/o-

A

Definition: Inside or within.
Example: Enteritis - inflammation of the intestine.

132
Q

enter/o-

A

Definition: Intestine.
Example: Enterocolitis - inflammation of the small intestine and colon.

133
Q

ep/i-

A

Definition: Upon, on, over, or above.
Example: Epidermis - the outer layer of skin located above the dermis.

134
Q

episi/o-

A

Definition: Vulva (external female genitalia).
Example: Episiotomy - a surgical cut made in the vulva during childbirth.

135
Q

erythr/o-

A

Definition: Red.
Example: Erythrocyte - a red blood cell

136
Q

eschar/o-

A

Definition: Scab or dead tissue resulting from a burn or wound.
Example: Escharotomy - a surgical procedure to remove eschar (dead tissue).

137
Q

esophag/o-

A

Definition: Esophagus.
Example: Esophagitis - inflammation of the esophagus.

138
Q

-esthesia

A

Definition: Sensation or perception.
Example: Anesthesia - absence of sensation, often induced medically.

139
Q

etio-

A

Definition: Cause.
Example: Etiology - the study of the cause of a disease.

140
Q

eu-

A

Definition: Good, healthy
Example: Eupnea - normal, good breathing.

141
Q

eury-

A

Definition: Wide or broad.
Example: Eurycephalic - having a broad head.

142
Q

extra-

A

Definition: Outside or beyond.
Example: Extracellular - located outside the cell.

143
Q

-facient

A

Definition: Causing or making something happen.
Example: Abortifacient - a substance that causes abortion.

144
Q

femor/o-

A

Definition: Femur (thigh bone).
Example: Femorotibial - relating to the femur and tibia.

145
Q

-ferous

A

Definition: Bearing, or producing.
Example: Lactiferous - producing or carrying milk.

146
Q

ferri-/ferro-

A

Example: Ferritin - a protein that stores iron in the body.

147
Q

fibr/o-

A

Definition: Fiber or fibrous tissue.
Example: Fibromyalgia - a condition characterized by widespread muscle and fibrous tissue pain.

148
Q

fluo-

A

Definition: Flow or flux.
Example: Fluorescence - the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light, representing a flow of energy

149
Q

fluor/o-

A

Example: Fluoroscopy - a technique using X-rays to create real-time images of the body.

150
Q

fore-

A

Definition: Before or in front of.
Example: Forebrain - the front part of the brain.

151
Q

-form

A

Definition: Shaped like or in the form of.
Example: Uniform - having the same shape or form.

152
Q

-fuge

A

Definition: Driving away or expelling.
Example: Centrifuge - a device that drives substances away from the center using centrifugal force.

153
Q

galact/o-

A

Definition: Milk.
Example: Galactorrhea - excessive or abnormal production of milk.

154
Q

gam/o-

A

Definition: Marriage or union.
Example: Monogamy - having one marital partner.

155
Q

gaster/o-, gastr/o-

A

Definition: Stomach.
Example: Gastritis - inflammation of the stomach lining.

156
Q

-gen, -gene, -genesis, -genetic, -genic

A

Definition: Producing, formation, or origin.
Example:
Pathogen - an agent that produces disease (-gen).
Carcinogenesis - the formation of cancer (-genesis).
Genetic - relating to genes or heredity (-genetic).
Iatrogenic - caused by medical treatment (-genic).

157
Q

gen-

A

Definition: Birth or origin.
Example: Genealogy - the study of family origins and lineages.

158
Q

glauc/o-

A

Definition: Gray or bluish-gray.
Example: Glaucoma - a condition characterized by increased pressure in the eye, often leading to a bluish-gray appearance of the cornea.

159
Q

genito-

A

Definition: Genital or reproduction.
Example: Genitourinary - relating to the genital and urinary systems.

160
Q

gero-

A

Definition: Old age.
Example: Geriatrics - the branch of medicine focusing on elderly care.

161
Q

giga-

A

Definition: Billion or giant.
Example: Gigabyte - one billion bytes.

162
Q

gingiv/o-

A

Definition: Gums.
Example: Gingivitis - inflammation of the gums

163
Q

-globin

A

Definition: Protein.
Example: Hemoglobin - the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

164
Q

gloss/o-

A

Definition: Tongue.
Example: Glossitis - inflammation of the tongue.

165
Q

gluc/o-

A

Definition: Sugar or glucose.
Example: Glucogenesis - the formation of glucose.

166
Q

gnath/o-

A

Definition: Jaw.
Example: Prognathism - a condition where the jaw protrudes forward

167
Q

-gog, -gogue

A

Definition: Leading or inducing.
Example:
Cholagogue - a substance that promotes the flow of bile (-gogue).
Galactagogue - a substance that induces milk production (-gog).

168
Q

gon/o-

A

Definition: Seed, reproduction, or semen.
Example: Gonorrhea - a sexually transmitted infection affecting the reproductive tract.

169
Q

-gram

A

Definition: A record or picture.
Example: Electrocardiogram (ECG) - a record of the electrical activity of the heart.

170
Q

-graph

A

Definition: An instrument for recording.
Example: Electrocardiograph - a device that records the electrical activity of the heart.

171
Q

-graphy

A

Definition: The process of recording.
Example: Angiography - the process of recording images of blood vessels.

172
Q

gravida-

A

Definition: Pregnancy or pregnant woman.
Example: Primigravida - a woman who is pregnant for the first time.

173
Q

gyn-, gyne-, gyno-, gyn-

A

Definition: Woman or female.
Example: Gynecology - the study of women’s health, especially the reproductive system.

174
Q

gyro-

A

Definition: Circle or spiral.
Example: Gyroscope - a device that measures or maintains orientation using a spinning disk.

175
Q

hem-, hemato-, hema-, hemo-

A

Definition: Blood.
Example:
Hemoglobin - a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Hematology - the study of blood and its diseases.

176
Q

hemi-

A

Definition: Half.
Example: Hemiplegia - paralysis affecting one half of the body.

177
Q

hepat/o-

A

Definition: Liver.
Example: Hepatitis - inflammation of the liver.

178
Q

heredo-

A

Definition: Hereditary or inherited.
Example: Heredopathia - a hereditary disease

179
Q

heter/o-

A

Definition: Different or other.
Example: Heterogeneous - composed of different kinds or types.

180
Q

hex/a-

A

Definition: Six.
Example: Hexapod - an organism with six legs, like insects

181
Q

histo-

A

Definition: Tissue.
Example: Histology - the study of tissues.

182
Q

hol/o-

A

Definition: Whole or entire.
Example: Holistic - relating to the whole, often in the context of health and wellness.

183
Q

homeo-

A

Definition: Similar or like.
Example: Homeostasis - maintaining a stable internal environment.

184
Q

homo-

A

Definition: Same.
Example: Homogeneous - having the same or uniform composition.

185
Q

hydra-, hydro-, hydr-

A

Definition: Water or fluid.
Example:
Hydration - the process of providing water to the body.
Hydrocephalus - a condition with an accumulation of fluid in the brain.

186
Q

hyo-

A

Definition: Relating to the hyoid bone
Example: Hyoglossus - a muscle connecting the hyoid bone to the tongue.

187
Q

hyp-, hyph-, hypo-

A

Definition: Under, below, or deficient.
Example:
Hypoglycemia - low blood sugar (hypo-).
Hypoglossal - beneath the tongue (hyp-).
Hyphenated - connected by a hyphen (hyph-).

188
Q

hyper-

A

Definition: Above, excessive, or over.
Example: Hypertension - abnormally high blood pressure

189
Q

hypno-

A

Definition: Sleep.
Example: Hypnosis - a trance-like state resembling sleep.

190
Q

hyster/o-

A

Definition: Uterus or womb.
Example: Hysterectomy - surgical removal of the uterus.

191
Q

-ia

A

Definition: Condition or state.
Example: Pneumonia - a condition involving inflammation of the lungs.

192
Q

-iasis

A

Definition: Abnormal condition or disease.
Example: Psoriasis - a skin condition causing scaly patches.

193
Q
A

sigma hosa (2 decks)

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