HOSA Dental Terminology Flashcards
Toward midline
Mesial
Away from midline
Distal
Towards lips
Labial
Towards check
Buccal
Towards roof of mouth
Palatal
Ridge of molars
Occlusal
Ridge of incisors
Incisal
The top jaw
Maxillary Arch
The bottom jaw
Mandibular Arch
Rounded borders of enamel that form the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and the mesial and distal margins of the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth
Marginal Ridges
A ridge that descends from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars towards the center part of the occlusal surface
Triangular Ridge
Formed by the union of buccal and lingual triangular ridges
Transverse Ridge
A ridge obliquely crossing the occlusal surfaces of maxillary molars
Oblique Ridge
A dentist who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment of dental pulp diseases
Endodontist
A dentist who specializes in the treatment of the entire facial structure due to injury or disease
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon
A dentist who specializes in examining tissue samples to provide proper diagnosis and treatment of biopsy results
Oral pathologist
A dentist who corects malocclusions by realignment of the teeth and/or joints
Orthodontist
A dentist who specializes in the treatment of the surrounding structures that support the teeth due to injury or disease
Periodontist
A dentist who specializes in the fabrication of prosthetic dental devices for tooth replacement
Prosthodontist
Provides dental health care on county, state, and national levels by providing education and demonstration of proper oral hygiene instruction to elementary schools, high schools, businesses and the general population
Public Health Dental Official
Withdrawing care from a patient without reasonable notice or without providing a referral for completion of dental treatment
Abandonment
Non criminal legal action that a patient may pursue against a dentist that may result in a compensation lawsuit for pain, suffering, and loss of wages resulting from dental treatment or dentist’s action
Civil Law
Involves a state of govt. action against indivs. who perform nonlegal procedures or violate laws. Such lawsuits can result in disciplinary action, fines, and/or imprisonment
Criminal Law
The governing laws in the science of dentistry
Dental Jurisprudence
Legal restrictions set forth by each state legislative body that describe the statutes regarding performance guidelines for licensed and nonlicensed dental health care professionals
Dental Practice Act
The actions any reasonable or prudent dental care professional would perform under similar circumstances
Due Care
Adv. task that requires increased skill and training performed by a dental auxiliary when delegated by a dentist in accordance with that governing state dental practice data
Expanded Function
Verbal or written words that are agreed on in an established contract
Express Contract
An act passed by Congress to address the security and privacy of health data
HIPAA
A contract that is implemented by the patient’s actions, not verbally or written in implied consent
Implied Contract
The procedure of fully informing a patient about the choices the patient has regarding his/her dental care
Informed Consent
Occurs when the patient refuses treatment after he/she has been fully educated regarding the consequences of not receiving the treatment
Informed Refusal
Incorrect or negligent treatment by professional
Malpractice
Failure to use a standard of care that a reasonable person would apply under related situations
Negligence
Allows an individual to transfer licensure with the same rights from one state to another without having to retake licensure exams
Reciprocity
Statements made at the time of an alleged negligent act that are admissible in court as evidence
Res Gestae
Res ipsa loquitur
The act speaks for itself
Respondeat superior
The master answers
Actions implemented to minimize legal rights to the dental practice
Risk Management
Intentional or unintentional act that causes harm
Tort
A written doc signed by the patient that provides consent to receive treatment
Written Consent
Forehead
Frontal
Top back of the head
Parietal
Side of head by eyes
Temporal
Bottom back of the head
Occipital
Ear area
Mastoid
Face
Facial
Mouth
Oral
Nose
Nasal
Eyes
Orbital
Chin
Mental
Checkbone
Zygomatic
Check
Buccal
The part of the mandible and the maxilla that contain tooth sockets
Alveolar process
To join together
Articulate
Grinding of Teeth
Bruxism
Bone that is more spongy or porous than dense bone
Cancellous bone
A crackling/grinding sound
Crepitus
Openings in bone allowing for passage of nerve and blood vessels
Foramina
A shallow depression within the temporal bone
Glenoid fossa
The movable end of a muscle
Insertion
The bone of the lower jaw
Mandible
The principle muscle of mastication that closes the mouth
Masseter
The act of chewing
Mastication
Two bones that form the upper jaw
Maxilla
A rounded prominence of bone located posterior to the maxillary molars
Maxillary Tuberosity
Muscle of the chin that protrudes the lower lip and wrinkles the skin
Mentalis
The fixed attachment of a muscle
Origin
A stone in the salivary duct
Sialolith
An immovable line of union between two bones
Suture
The encapsulated synovial joint between the temporal bone of the skull and the condyle of the mandible
Temporomandibular joint
Dryness of the mouth caused by an abnormal reduction in salivary secretion
Xerostomia
Pertaining to the cheekbone
Zygomatic
Winged flare of a nostril
Ala
The corners of the mouth
Commissures
A long fold of tissue along the buccal mucosa next to where the teeth come together
Linea Alba
The roof of the mouth (upper alveolar arch)
Palate
The passage for your air and food
Pharynx
A vertical groove between the nose and the upper lip
Philtrum
The prominence of fleshy tissue anterior to the ear opening
Tragus
A fold of mucous membrane attached to the back of the soft palate
Uvula
Transitional area between the skin of the face and the mucous membrane of the lip
Vermillion border
The highest peak in the alveolar process
Alveolar crest
The opening within the alveolar bone that houses the roots of the teeth
Alveolar socket
Enamel-forming cells
Ameloblasts
The portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel
Anatomical crown
Peaked tip at the end of each root
Apex
Opening in the apex of each root
Apical foramen
Cementum-forming cells
Cementoblasts
The portion of the crown that is visible in the oral cavity
Clinical crown
Growth of the oral epithelium that will eventually form teeth
Dental lamina
Tissue from the mesoderm layer that will form the dentin and the pulp
Dental papilla
Capsule that contains the developing tooth; it will also form the cementum, periodontal ligament, and some alveolar bone
Dental sac
Tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth; it is covered by the cementum on the root and enamel on the crown
Dentin
Microscopic canals running through the dentin
Dentinal tubules
The study of how a human being develops through 2 stages before birth
Embryology
Tissue arising from the ectoderm layer that will from the enamel
Enamel Organ
The study of the composition and function of tissues
Histology
Compact bone that lines the socket of the alveolar process
Lamina dura
A thin delicate tissue that covers the inside of the cheeks, vestibule, soft palate, undersurface of the tongue and floor of the mouth
Lining mucosa
A dense, thick mucosa that is designed to withstand the trauma of chewing; it covers the hard palate, tongue, and gum tissue
Masticatory mucosa
Dentin-forming cells
Odontoblasts
Tissues that surround and support the teeth
Periodontium
Dentin formed prior to tooth eruption
Primary dentin
Tissue composed of blood and nymph vessels, nerve and connective tissues, and odontoblasts
Pulp
Dentin formed after the tooth eruption that remains for life of the tooth
Secondary dentin
A primitive mouth
Stomodeum
The permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth
Succedaneous teeth
A reparative dentin that forms in response to injury or irritation
Tertiary dentin
The first stage in embryonic development
Zygote
Dental enamel hypoplacia, incomplete formation of dental enamel caused by vitamin deficiency, infectious disease, birth injury, trauma, or local infection
Amelogenesis imperfecta
A complete lack of tooth development; disorder that appears at birth
Anodontia
Irregularity of tooth resembling a fold in the enamel in early stage development, typically found on upper lateral incisors
Dens in dente
A hereditary disorder of dentin formation
Dentin dysplacia
A condition of tooth development in which dentin shows discoloration of the teeth (grays - browns); teeth are soft and wear down quickly
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Occurs from overexposure to flouride in tooth development, causing yellowing of teeth, white spots, and pitting/mottling of enamel
Fluorosis
Two teeth become one during development, connected at enamel, roots, or maybe both
Fusion
One tooth makes two teeth connected by root during development
Germination
Lack of tooth development
Hypodontia
One extra tooth development
Hyperdontia
Macrodontia
Abnormally large teeth
Microdontia
Uncommonly small teeth
Supernumerary
Extra teeth
The bud stage or start of tooth development (STAGE 1: tooth development)
Initiation
Production of new parts, the bud and early cap stages of tooth development (STAGE 2: tooth development)
Proliferation
Changes in the function of cells in the tooth bud and development of teeth occurs (STAGE 3: tooth development)
Differentiation
The process in which tissue and tooth formation occur (STAGE 4: tooth development)
Apposition
The process in which tissue becomes hardened due to calcium deposits (STAGE 5: tooth development)
Calcification
The process of a tooth breaking through the gum tissue to grow into place in the mouth (STAGE 6: tooth development)
Eruption
The wearing away of the chewing surgace of the teeth during their normal fuction (FINAL STAGE: tooth development)
Attrition
Tooth arrangement, in position
Dentition
The normal process of losing, shedding, or falling out of primary teeth
Exfoliation
Tooth production, the origin and formation of teeth
Ondontogensis
Found in pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars; buccal or lingual pits of the molars; lingual pit neal the cinulum of the maxilliary incisors (Cavities)
Class I cavity
Found on the proximal (mesial and distal) surfaces of premolars and molars (Cavities)
Class II cavity
Found on the proximal (mesial and distal) surfaces of incisors and canines (Cavities)
Class III cavity
Found on the proximal surfaces of incisors and canines, but also will involve the incisal edge (Cavities)
Class IV cavity
Found on the gingival third (the area near the gingiva) of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth (Cavities)
Class V cavity
Involve the incisal edges of anterior teeth and the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth that have been worn away due to abrasion (Cavities)
Class VI cavity
A collection of pus in a localized area
Abscess
Painful ulcers appearing in the oral cavity as a circular lesion with a yellow center and a red outline or halo, canker sore
Aphthous Ulcers
Cancerous lesion that doesn’t metastasize, most commonly found on skin exposed to sun
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Oral yeast infection, presenting as a thick white covering on oral mucosa, monilasis
Candida albicans
Cancerous lesion of the epithelium that spreads into the bone and connective tissues
Carcinoma
Cellular debris from an infection, the drainage of pus
Exudate
Painful crusting ulcerations on the figer/hands resulting from exposure to herpes
Herpetic whitlow
Excess folds of tissue that result from an ill-fitting denture
Hyperplasis
Malignant blue-purple vascular tumor, may occur with HIV virus
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Precipitating factor for cancer, white leathery patch
Leukoplakia
Constructed prosthetic device designed to close an opening in the palate
Obturator
Malignant neoplasm beginning in supportive and connective tissue such as bones
Sarcoma
Malignant lesion that travels into surrounding tissues or into the lymph nodes of the body
Squamous cell carcinoma
Oral maxillary, mandibular, palatal bone growths projecting outward from the surface
Tori
Immunity that is artificially acquired from immunizations, sometimes called adaptive immunity
Active Immunity
Organisms transferred through blood or bodily fluid that cause infectious disease
Bloodborne pathogens
A disease that occurs from splash or splatter to the mucosa or non intact skin
Droplet transmission
The use of a device that occurs from splash or splatter to the mucosa or non intact pathogens
Engineering control
The general protection that humans are born with, natural immunity
Innate immunity
An ongoing infection with recurrent symptoms
Latent Infection
energy
capability to do work
fluid
a liquid or a gaseous substance
denture
an artificial substitute for missing natural teeth
mallet
a hammer instrument
electron
a negatively charged particle
agent
person or product that causes action
irritant
an agent that causes irritation or stimulation
wound
injury to the body of a person, especially by violence
tension
state of being stretched or extended
inventory
an item compilation of materials on hand
dosage
the amount of medicine administered
bandage
a strip of material applied to any body part
molar
a tooth adapted for grinding
abrade
to wear away by friction
bridge
colloquial expression for a fixed partial denture
abducens
sixth cranial nerve, used for lateral eye sense and movement
abfraction
loss of tooth surface in the cervical area, caused by tooth grinding compression forces
abnormal labial frenum
enlarged or thick labial frenum that may cause diastema
abrasion
an injury in which skin is scraped away; wearing away of a tooth surface from abnormal causes
absorption
transfer of drug substance from the administration site by body fluids
abutment
natural tooth or teeth prepared to hold a bridge retainer in place
accessory
auxiliary; eleventh cranial nerve assisting with spinal movements
acetaminophen
drug used as an aspirin replacement in children
acid etchant
material to prepare cavity margins for retention of the bonding and restorative materials
acidifier
a chemical ingredient that maintains the required acidity of the fixer and stop-bath solutions
acidity
condition of being sour; makes litmus paper red
acquired pellicle
little skin; thin covering on teeth, plaque
acrylic
synthetic resin material used in fabrication of appliances
activate
to adjust an appliance so that it will exert effective force on the teeth and jaws
activator
substance that reacts with the initiator to start polymerization
acute
sharp or severe
acute radiation exposure
radiation resulting from a massive, short-term, ionizing dose, such as an accidental exposure or explosion of radiation material
addiction
compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a drug
adenoid
lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx area
adentitis
inflammation of the glandular tissue
adjunctive orthodontics
procedures necessary to correct or restore function
adrenocorticosteroids
byproducts from the adrenal cortex; drugs to treat inflamed conditions, allergies, and emergencies
ala-tragus line
imaginary line from the ala (wing) of the nose to the ear meatus (center)
alginate
seaweed, agar-based elastic impression material
allograft
human bone graft from a person other than the patient
allopexia
deficiency of hair, baldness
alloy
a mixture of metals
alternating pulse sound
alternate weak and strong pulsations
alveolectomy
surgical removal of alveolar bone crests
alveolitis
infection or inflammation of the alveolar bone; a dry socket
alveolus
bone growth on the border of maxilla and mandible; makes up and forms the tooth sockets
alveoplastomy
surgical reshaping or contouring of alveolar bone
amalgam
soft alloy mass containing mercury, which hardens into restoration
amalgamation
blending or pulverizing of an alloy with mercury
amalgam carrier
hand instrument used to carry plastic (movable) amalgam to a restorative site
AMBU bag
bag placed over the nose and mouth of the victim to force air into the lungs
ameloblasts
enamel-forming cells; encourage cell growth for enamel tissue
amoxicillin
anti-infective antibiotic drug (ex. Amosil, Larotid)
ampicillin
anti-infective antibiotic type of drug (ex. Polucillin, Omnipen)
analgesia
without pain
analgesic
drug that relieves pain
anaphylactic
shock arising from a reaction to a body allergen
anaphylaxis
allergic reaction to drug or food
