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Hosa > hosa 2 > Flashcards

hosa 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

nebulizer

A

an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece.

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3
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

a severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria.

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4
Q

needle breast biopsy

A

a technique in which an x-ray-guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast.

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5
Q

needlestick injury

A

an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection.

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6
Q

neoplasm

A

an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progressive; also known as a tumor.

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7
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney or kidneys.

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8
Q

nephrolith

A

a stone located in the kidney.

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9
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of stones in the kidney

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10
Q

nephrolysis

A

the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

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11
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney.

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12
Q

nephropexy

A

the surgical fixation of nephroptosis.

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13
Q

nephroptosis

A

the prolapse of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands.

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14
Q

nephropyosis

A

suppuration of the kidney

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15
Q

nephrostomy

A

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

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16
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine.

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17
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometimes loss of function.

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18
Q

neurodegenerative disease

A

an umbrella term for disorders in which there is a progressive loss of the structure or functions of neurons.

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19
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

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20
Q

neuromuscular blocker

A

a medication that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.

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21
Q

neuromuscular therapy

A

a form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain

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22
Q

neuroplasty

A

the surgical repair of a nerve or nerves.

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23
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

surgically suturing together the ends of a severed nerve.

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24
Q

neurotomy

A

the surgical division or dissection of a nerve.

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25
Q

nevus

A

a small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin.

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26
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina.

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27
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night

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28
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep.

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29
Q

nodule

A

a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule.

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30
Q

noise-induced hearing loss

A

nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises.

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31
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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32
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

medications administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling.

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33
Q

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A

describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol.

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34
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

A

a more serious form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation

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35
Q

normal sperm count

A

20 to 120 million or more sperm per milliliter of semen.

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36
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.

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37
Q

nuclear imaging

A

the use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes.

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38
Q

nuclear scan

A

a diagnostic procedure that uses nuclear medicine technology to gather information about the structure and function of organs or body systems.

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39
Q

nulligravida

A

a woman who has never been pregnant.

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40
Q

nullipara

A

a woman who has never borne a viable child.

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41
Q

nyctalopia

A

a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night.

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42
Q

nystagmus

A

an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball.

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43
Q

obesity

A

an excessive accumulation of fat in the body.

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44
Q

oblique fracture

A

a fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone

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45
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

a mental condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions.

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46
Q

occupational therapy

A

activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living.

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47
Q

ocular prosthesis

A

a replacement for an eyeball that is either congenitally missing or has been surgically removed.

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48
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

light or infrequent menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods.

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49
Q

oligospermia

A

a sperm count of below 20 million/mL.

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50
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination.

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51
Q

onychia

A

inflammation of the matrix of the nail.

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52
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown toenail.

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53
Q

onychomycosis

A

a fungal infection of the nail

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54
Q

oophorectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or both ovaries

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55
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary.

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56
Q

open fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

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57
Q

open-angle glaucoma

A

the most common form of glaucoma.

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58
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye.

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59
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

the visual examination of the fundus of the eye with ophthalmoscope.

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60
Q

opportunistic infection

A

caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans.

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61
Q

oral administration

A

medication taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine.

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62
Q

oral glucose tolerance test

A

a test performed most commonly to diagnose gestational diabetes.

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63
Q

oral or maxillofacial surgeon

A

a physician specializing in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries.

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64
Q

oral rehydration therapy

A

treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract dehydration.

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65
Q

oral thrush

A

a type of stomatomycosis caused by the fungus Candida albicans

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66
Q

orbitotomy

A

a surgical incision into the orbit.

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67
Q

orchidectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or both testicles.

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68
Q

orchiopexy

A

the repair of an undescended testicle.

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69
Q

organic disorder

A

a disorder that produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body.

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70
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.

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71
Q

orthotic

A

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

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72
Q

ossification

A

the normal process of bone formation.

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73
Q

ostectomy

A

the surgical removal of bone.

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74
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of bone.

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75
Q

osteoarthritis

A

the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging.

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76
Q

osteochondroma

A

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

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77
Q

osteoclasis

A

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

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78
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones in adults.

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79
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

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80
Q

osteopathic manipulative therapy

A

mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath.

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81
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density.

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82
Q

osteophytes

A

also known as bone spurs.

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83
Q

osteoporosis

A

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.

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84
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

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85
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

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86
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee.

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87
Q

osteotomy

A

the surgical cutting of a bone.

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88
Q

ostomy

A

a surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface.

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89
Q

otalgia

A

pain in the ear

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90
Q

otitis

A

inflammation of the ear.

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91
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear.

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92
Q

otomycosis

A

a fungal infection of the external auditory canal.

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93
Q

otoplasty

A

the surgical repair, restoration, or alteration of the pinna of the ear.

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94
Q

otopyorrhea

A

the flow of pus from the ear.

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95
Q

otorrhagia

A

bleeding from the ear.

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96
Q

otorrhea

A

any discharge from the ear.

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97
Q

otosclerosis

A

ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss.

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98
Q

otoscope

A

an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.

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99
Q

ovarian cancer

A

cancer that begins within the cells of the ovaries

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100
Q

over-the-counter drug

A

medication that can be purchased without a written prescription.

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101
Q

overactive bladder

A

a condition that occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not full.

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102
Q

overflow incontinence

A

continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely.

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103
Q

overuse injuries

A

injuries that occur when minor tissue injuries have not been given time to heal.

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104
Q

overuse tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint.

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105
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

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106
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip.

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107
Q

palliative

A

a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it.

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108
Q

palpation

A

an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts.

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109
Q

palpation of the breast

A

performed by a health professional to feel the texture, size, and consistency of the breast.

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110
Q

palpitation

A

a pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm.

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111
Q

pancreatectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas.

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112
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

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113
Q

pandemic

A

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.

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114
Q

panic attack

A

an unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain.

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115
Q

panic disorder

A

a condition characterized by having more than one panic attack, resulting in persistent fear of the attacks.

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116
Q

Pap smear

A

an exfoliative biopsy of the cervix.

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117
Q

papilledema

A

swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk.

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118
Q

papilloma

A

a benign, superficial, wartlike growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.

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119
Q

papule

A

a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter.

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120
Q

paradoxical drug reaction

A

the result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results.

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121
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

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122
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

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123
Q

parasite

A

a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.

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124
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

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125
Q

parenteral administration

A

the administration of medication by injection through a hypodermic syringe.

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126
Q

paresthesia

A

a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet.

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127
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

a chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.

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128
Q

paronychia

A

an infection of the skin fold around a nail.

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129
Q

partial knee replacement (PKR)

A

a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced.

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130
Q

pathogen

A

a disease-producing microorganism.

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131
Q

pathologic fracture

A

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.

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132
Q

peak flow meter

A

a handheld device used to measure how quickly a person with asthma can expel air.

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133
Q

pediculosis

A

an infestation with lice.

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134
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy.

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135
Q

pelvimetry

A

a radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to determine its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

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136
Q

peptic ulcers

A

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system.

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137
Q

percussion

A

a diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area that uses the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers.

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138
Q

percutaneous diskectomy

A

a procedure to treat a herniated intervertebral disk.

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139
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back.

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140
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

a treatment procedure to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen.

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141
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column.

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142
Q

perfusion

A

the flow of blood through an organ.

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143
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

the puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid

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144
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium.

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145
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth.

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146
Q

periorbital edema

A

swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes

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147
Q

periosteotomy

A

an incision through the periosteum to the bone.

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148
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of the periosteum.

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149
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

an example of a peripheral vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Impaired circulation to the extremities and vital organs causes changes in the skin color and temperature, plus intermittent claudication.

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150
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles.

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151
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

disorders of blood vessels outside the heart and brain.

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152
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.

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153
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum.

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154
Q

pernicious anemia

A

anemia caused by a lack of a protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract.

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155
Q

PERRLA

A

an abbreviation meaning Pupils are Equal, Round, Responsive to Light, and show Accommodation.

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156
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

low-grade chronic depression present on a majority of days for two or more years

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157
Q

persistent vegetative state

A

a type of coma in which the patient exhibits alternating sleep and wake cycles; however, the individual is unconscious even when appearing to be awake

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158
Q

personality disorder

A

a chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes serious problems with relationships and work.

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159
Q

pertussis

A

a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough.

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160
Q

petechiae

A

very small pinpoint hemorrhages less than 2 mm in diameter.

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161
Q

Peyronie’s disease

A

a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection.

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162
Q

phacoemulsification

A

the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract.

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163
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx.

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164
Q

phenylketonuria

A

a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing.

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165
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

a benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes the release of excess epinephrine and norepinephrine

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166
Q

phimosis

A

narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis.

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167
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein.

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168
Q

phlebotomy

A

the puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood.

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169
Q

phlegm

A

thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages.

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170
Q

phobia

A

a persistent irrational fear of a specific thing or situation strong enough to cause significant distress, interfere with functioning, and lead to avoidance of the thing or situation that causes this reaction.

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171
Q

photocoagulation

A

the use of lasers to treat some forms of wet macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels.

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172
Q

photodynamic therapy

A

a technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin, as well as various types of cancer

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173
Q

photophobia

A

excessive sensitivity to light.

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174
Q

photopsia

A

presence of what appear to be flashes of light.

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175
Q

physical therapy

A

treatment to prevent disability or to restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

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176
Q

pigmented birthmarks

A

irregularities in skin color, such as moles.

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177
Q

pinealectomy

A

the surgical removal of the pineal gland.

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178
Q

pinealoma

A

a tumor of the pineal gland.

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179
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion.

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180
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects.

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181
Q

placenta previa

A

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus.

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182
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

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183
Q

plaque

A

a fatty deposit within the blood vessels; also a soft buildup of bacterial debris on the exterior of the teeth; also a scaly, solid, raised area of closely spaced papules on the skin.

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184
Q

plasmapheresis

A

the removal of whole blood from the body, separation of its cellular elements, and reinfusion of these cellular elements suspended in saline or a plasma substitute.

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185
Q

platelet count

A

a blood screening test that measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood.

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186
Q

pleural effusion

A

the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding.

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187
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath.

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188
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the pleura or in the side.

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189
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.

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190
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

the form of pneumonia caused by an opportunistic infection with the fungus Pneumocystis carinii.

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191
Q

pneumonectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung.

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192
Q

pneumonia

A

a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other liquid

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193
Q

pneumorrhagia

A

bleeding from the lungs

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194
Q

pneumothorax

A

the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

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195
Q

poliomyelitis

A

a highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis.

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196
Q

polyarteritis

A

a form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time.

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197
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluidfilled cysts in the kidneys.

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198
Q

polycystic ovary syndrome

A

condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles.

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199
Q

polycythemia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow.

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200
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst.

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201
Q

polymenorrhea

A

abnormally frequent menstruation.

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202
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

a geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness.

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203
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

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204
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.

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205
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger.

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206
Q

polysomnography

A

the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep.

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207
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination.

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208
Q

port-wine stain

A

a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries.

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209
Q

positron emission tomography

A

an imaging technique that combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas.

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210
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

the development of characteristic symptoms after a major traumatic event

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211
Q

prediabetes

A

a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.

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212
Q

preeclampsia

A

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.

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213
Q

pregnancy test

A

a diagnostic test to is determine if a woman is pregnant.

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214
Q

premature ejaculation

A

a condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before or shortly after penetration.

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215
Q

premature infant

A

a neonate born before the 37th week of gestation.

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216
Q

premature menopause

A

a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40.

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217
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems linked to the menstrual cycle.

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218
Q

premenstrual syndrome

A

a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the two-week period before menstruation.

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219
Q

prenatal influences

A

the mother’s health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery.

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220
Q

presbycusis

A

a gradual sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as the body ages.

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221
Q

presbyopia

A

condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging.

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222
Q

prescription drug

A

a medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional.

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223
Q

pressure sore

A

an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin.

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224
Q

priapism

A

a painful erection that lasts four hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement.

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225
Q

primary bone cancer

A

a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone.

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226
Q

primigravida

A

a woman during her first pregnancy.

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227
Q

primipara

A

a woman who has borne one viable child.

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228
Q

probiotics

A

living microorganisms with a role in aiding digestion and protecting the body from harmful bacteria.

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229
Q

proctopexy

A

surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ.

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230
Q

prolactinoma

A

a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin.

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231
Q

prone position

A

position where the patient lies face down on the abdomen.

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232
Q

prophylaxis

A

treatment, such as vaccination, intended to prevent a disease or stop it from spreading.

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233
Q

prostate cancer

A

cancer beginning in the prostate.

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234
Q

prostate-specific antigen

A

a diagnostic blood test that is used to screen for prostate cancer.

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235
Q

prostatectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland.

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236
Q

prostatism

A

a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

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237
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland.

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238
Q

prosthesis

A

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part.

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239
Q

proteinuria

A

the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine.

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240
Q

prothrombin time

A

a blood test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy.

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241
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

medications that decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach.

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242
Q

pruritus vulvae

A

severe itching of the external female genitalia

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243
Q

psoriasis

A

a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks.

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244
Q

psychoanalysis

A

treatment based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can only be overcome by gaining insight into one’s feelings and patterns of behavior.

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245
Q

psychotic disorder

A

a condition characterized by the loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social functioning.

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246
Q

psychotropic drug

A

a drug that acts primarily on the central nervous system, where it produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior.

247
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis.

248
Q

pulmonary edema

A

an accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues.

249
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region.

250
Q

pulmonary fibrosis (

A

the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing.

251
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer.

252
Q

pulse oximeter

A

an external monitor that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood.

253
Q

purpura

A

the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

254
Q

purulent

A

producing or containing pus.

255
Q

pustule

A

a small, circumscribed lesion containing pus

256
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney.

257
Q

pyelotomy

A

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

258
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo

259
Q

pyosalpinx

A

an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube.

260
Q

pyothorax

A

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of pleural membrane.

261
Q

pyrosis

A

the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.

262
Q

pyuria

A

the presence of pus in the urine.

263
Q

Qi Gong

A

a Chinese system of movement, breathing techniques, and meditation

264
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities.

265
Q

rabies

A

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal.

266
Q

radial keratotomy

A

a surgical procedure to treat myopia.

267
Q

radiation therapy

A

the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays.

268
Q

radical hysterectomy

A

the surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes.

269
Q

radical mastectomy

A

the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues

270
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness radiating down the affected limb.

271
Q

radioactive iodine treatment

A

oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.

272
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

test using radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function.

273
Q

radiograph

A

the image produced by the use of radiant energy to visualize conditions such as bone fractures; also known as x-rays.

274
Q

radiography

A

the use of x-radiation to visualize hard-tissue internal structures.

275
Q

radiolucent

A

a substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film.

276
Q

radiopaque

A

a substance that does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film.

277
Q

radiopharmaceuticals

A

drugs containing radioactive materials that produce radiation.

278
Q

rales

A

abnormal crackle-like lung sounds heard while breathing in.

279
Q

range of motion testing

A

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.

280
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.

281
Q

rectal administration

A

the insertion of medication into the rectum as either suppositories or liquid solutions

282
Q

rectocele

A

a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina.

283
Q

recumbent

A

any position in which the patient is lying down.

284
Q

red blood cell count

A

a blood test that is performed to determine the number of erythrocytes in the blood.

285
Q

refraction

A

an examination procedure to determine an eye’s refractive error so that the best corrective lenses can be prescribed.

286
Q

refractive disorder

A

a focusing problem caused when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina.

287
Q

regurgitation

A

the return of swallowed food into the mouth.

288
Q

Reiki

A

a technique in which the practitioner transfers healing energy by means of visualization or gentle touch.

289
Q

renal colic

A

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone.

290
Q

renal failure

A

the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions.

291
Q

renal transplantation

A

the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient’s failed kidneys.

292
Q

repetitive stress disorders

A

a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal activities.

293
Q

respiratory failure

A

a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high.

294
Q

restenosis

A

the condition when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again

295
Q

restless legs syndrome

A

a neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable feelings in the legs, producing a strong urge to move them

296
Q

retinal detachment

A

the separation of all of the lightsensitive retina from the choroid.

297
Q

retinal tear

A

the separation of some of the light-sensitive retina from the choroid.

298
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

a progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision.

299
Q

retinoids

A

a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and treatment.

300
Q

retinopathy

A

any disease of the retina.

301
Q

retinopexy

A

treatment to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment.

302
Q

retrograde ejaculation

A

when an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder instead of out through the penis.

303
Q

retrograde urography

A

a radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract.

304
Q

revision surgery

A

the replacement of a worn or failed implant.

305
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

a potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin.

306
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

a syndrome that can result from muscle injury in which the death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream.

307
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened.

308
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose.

309
Q

rhinophyma

A

hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose.

310
Q

rhinorrhea

A

the watery flow of mucus from the nose.

311
Q

rhonchi

A

a coarse, rattling sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways.

312
Q

rhytidectomy

A

the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles.

313
Q

rickets

A

a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency.

314
Q

rickettsia

A

a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.

315
Q

root canal

A

a procedure in which diseased or damaged pulp in the root canal is removed in order to save the tooth.

316
Q

rosacea

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels.

317
Q

rotator cuff tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff.

318
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash.

319
Q

ruptured rotator cuff

A

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues. This occurs as the irritated tendon weakens and tears.

320
Q

ruptured spleen

A

a medical emergency that occurs when the covering of the spleen is torn.

321
Q

salmonellosis

A

an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked food.

322
Q

salpingectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes.

323
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a fallopian tube.

324
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy

A

the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary.

325
Q

sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues.

326
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.

327
Q

scabies

A

a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites.

328
Q

scales

A

flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells.

329
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations

330
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve.

331
Q

scleral buckle

A

a silicone band or sponge used to repair a detached retina.

332
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera of the eye.

333
Q

scleroderma

A

an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen.

334
Q

sclerotherapy

A

treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the vein

335
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

336
Q

scotoma

A

an abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by an area of normal vision.

337
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

a seasonal bout of depression associated with the decrease in hours of daylight during winter months.

338
Q

seborrhea

A

overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum.

339
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp.

340
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look

341
Q

secondary bone cancer

A

tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.

342
Q

sedative

A

medication that depresses the central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep.

343
Q

seizure

A

a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time.

344
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss that develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged.

345
Q

sepsis

A

an infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream.

346
Q

septoplasty

A

the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum.

347
Q

serum bilirubin test

A

a blood test that measures the ability of the liver to take up, process, and secrete bilirubin into the bile.

348
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency

A

a condition in which abnormalities in the immune system cause an increased susceptibility to infection and failure to thrive as a result of infections.

349
Q

sexually transmitted diseases

A

infections caused by either a bacteria or a virus transmitted through sexual intercourse or other genital contact.

350
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone.

351
Q

shin splint

A

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia.

352
Q

short stature

A

condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk.

353
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape.

354
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.

355
Q

sign

A

objective evidence of disease, such as a fever.

356
Q

silicosis

A

the form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs.

357
Q

Sims’ position

A

an examination position in which the patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back.

358
Q

single photon emission computed tomography

A

a type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computerreconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs

359
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.

360
Q

sinusitis

A

an inflammation of the sinuses.

361
Q

skeletal muscle relaxant

A

administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries.

362
Q

skin cancer

A

a harmful, malignant growth on the skin, which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun.

363
Q

skin tags

A

benign, small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks.

364
Q

sleep apnea

A

a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

365
Q

sleep deprivation

A

a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performance or tasks.

366
Q

sleep hyperhidrosis

A

the occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep.

367
Q

slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye including the cornea, iris, and lens.

368
Q

smoke inhalation

A

damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent normal exchange of gases.

369
Q

SOAP note

A

an acronym for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan

370
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

excessive fear of social situations where the person fears negative evaluation by others or embarrassing himself or herself in front of others.

371
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

characterized by physical complaints or concerns about one’s body that are out of proportion to any physical findings or disease.

372
Q

somnambulism

A

the condition of walking or performing some other activity without awakening.

373
Q

spasm

A

a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles.

374
Q

speculum

A

an instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior.

375
Q

sperm count

A

the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm.

376
Q

spermatocele

A

a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm.

377
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

an instrument used to measure blood pressure.

378
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord.

379
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space

380
Q

spinal cord injury

A

paralysis resulting from damage to the spinal cord that prevents nerve impulses from being transmitted below the level of the injury.

381
Q

spinal fusion

A

a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae.

382
Q

spiral fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.

383
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.

384
Q

spirometer

A

a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath.

385
Q

splenomegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.

386
Q

splenorrhagia

A

bleeding from the spleen.

387
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it.

388
Q

spondylosis

A

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.

389
Q

sprain

A

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament.

390
Q

sputum

A

phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes.

391
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems.

392
Q

staging

A

the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient’s prognosis.

393
Q

stapedectomy

A

the surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a prosthetic device that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear.

394
Q

staphylococci

A

a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes.

395
Q

steatorrhea

A

the presence of excess fat in the stool.

396
Q

stent

A

a wire-mesh tube that is implanted in a coronary artery to provide support to the arterial wall.

397
Q

sterilization

A

any procedure rendering an individual (male or female) incapable of reproduction.

398
Q

stethoscope

A

an instrument used to listen to sounds within the body.

399
Q

stillbirth

A

the birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery.

400
Q

stimulant

A

a substance that works by increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness.

401
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.

402
Q

stomatomycosis

A

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

403
Q

stone

A

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body

404
Q

stool samples

A

specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics

405
Q

strabismus

A

a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus together

406
Q

strain

A

an injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon.

407
Q

strangulated hernia

A

a condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off

408
Q

streptococci

A

bacteria that form a chain. Many are harmless; however, other members of this group are responsible for illnesses including strep throat.

409
Q

stress fracture

A

a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

410
Q

stress incontinence

A

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing.

411
Q

stress test

A

the use of electrocardiography to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress such as exercise on a treadmill.

412
Q

stricture

A

an abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage such as the esophagus resulting from scar tissue or other damage.

413
Q

stridor

A

an abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx.

414
Q

stupor

A

an unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite vigorous, repeated attempts.

415
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera

416
Q

subcutaneous injection

A

the administration of medication by injection into the fatty layer just below the skin.

417
Q

sublingual administration

A

the placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly.

418
Q

subluxation

A

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

419
Q

substance abuse

A

the addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, medications, or illegal drugs.

420
Q

sudden cardiac death

A

results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes.

421
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of two and six months.

422
Q

sunscreen

A

blocks the harmful ultraviolet B rays, measured in terms of the strength of the sun protection factor (SPF).

423
Q

supplemental oxygen

A

administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air.

424
Q

suppuration

A

the formation or discharge of pus.

425
Q

suprapubic catheterization

A

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.

426
Q

supraventricular tachycardia

A

an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the AV node.

427
Q

surgical biopsy

A

the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis.

428
Q

symptom

A

subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache.

429
Q

syncope

A

the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain.

430
Q

syndrome

A

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.

431
Q

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

A

overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH, leading to bloating, water retention, and electrolyte imbalance.

432
Q

synergism

A

the interaction of two drugs taken together that enhances the effectiveness of both

433
Q

synovectomy

A

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.

434
Q

synovial sarcoma

A

a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint.

435
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint.

436
Q

synthetic immunoglobulins

A

a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses including rabies and some types of hepatitis.

437
Q

synthetic interferon

A

medication administered to treat multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers.

438
Q

synthetic thyroid hormones

A

medications administered to replace lost thyroid function.

439
Q

syphilis

A

a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

440
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems.

441
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

442
Q

tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.

443
Q

talipes

A

any congenital deformity of the foot involving the ankle bones.

444
Q

targeted therapy

A

a developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.

445
Q

tarsorrhaphy

A

the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids.

446
Q

teletherapy

A

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three-dimensional computer imaging.

447
Q

temporal arteritis

A

a form of vasculitis with abnormally large cells, that can cause headache, visual impairment, or other symptoms.

448
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint.

449
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone.

450
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions.

451
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon.

452
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath around a tendon.

453
Q

tenotomy

A

a surgical incision into a tendon.

454
Q

testicular cancer

A

cancer that begins in the testicles.

455
Q

testicular self-examination

A

a self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer by detecting lumps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum.

456
Q

testicular torsion

A

a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle.

457
Q

testitis

A

inflammation of one or both testicles.

458
Q

tetanus

A

an acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria.

459
Q

thalamotomy

A

a surgical incision into the thalamus.

460
Q

thalassemia

A

an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.

461
Q

thallium stress test

A

performed to evaluate blood flow to the heart during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood.

462
Q

therapeutic ultrasound

A

the use of high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue.

463
Q

thoracentesis

A

the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.

464
Q

thoracotomy

A

a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.

465
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

466
Q

thrombocytosis

A

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood.

467
Q

thrombolytic

A

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood.

468
Q

thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus.

469
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus.

470
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein.

471
Q

thymectomy

A

the surgical removal of the thymus gland.

472
Q

thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland.

473
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

cancer of the thyroid gland.

474
Q

thyroid scan

A

a specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function.

475
Q

thyroid storm

A

a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism.

476
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone assay

A

a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

477
Q

tinea

A

a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails.

478
Q

tinnitus

A

a condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears.

479
Q

tissue plasminogen activator

A

a thrombolytic administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke to dissolve damaging blood clots.

480
Q

tolerance

A

acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen or decline in effective response to a drug usually due to repeated use.

481
Q

tomography

A

the use of x-rays or ultrasound to produce a cross-section of the body.

482
Q

tomotherapy

A

combination of tomography with radiation therapy to precisely target tumors.

483
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

a type of seizure involving the whole body

484
Q

tonometry

A

the measurement of intraocular pressure.

485
Q

tonsillectomy

A

the surgical removal of the tonsils.

486
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils.

487
Q

topical application

A

liquid or ointment rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated.

488
Q

topical steroids

A

steroids used in treatment of various skin disorders and diseases.

489
Q

torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

490
Q

total hemoglobin test

A

a blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin found in whole blood.

491
Q

total hip replacement

A

surgery performed to restore a damaged hip to full function by removing the head of the femur and replacing it with a metal ball.

492
Q

total hysterectomy

A

the removal of the uterus and cervix, either through the vagina or laparoscopically through the abdomen.

493
Q

total knee replacement

A

surgical placement of an artificial joint during which all parts of the knee are replaced.

494
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

a specialized solution administered intravenously to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating.

495
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

a complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances

496
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

a parasite most commonly transmitted from animals (pets) to humans by contact with contaminated feces.

497
Q

tracheorrhagia

A

bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea.

498
Q

tracheostomy

A

the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a tube to facilitate breathing.

499
Q

tracheotomy

A

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

500
Q

traction

A

a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

501
Q

traditional Chinese medicine

A

a system of ancient Chinese medicinal treatments, including acupuncture, to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.

502
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

a procedure in which the existing valve is left in place and a fully collapsible replacement valve is delivered to the valve site through a catheter.

503
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in the brain.

504
Q

transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation

A

a method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the skin.

505
Q

transdermal

A

the administration of medication through the unbroken skin so that it is absorbed continuously to produce a systemic effect.

506
Q

transesophageal echocardiography

A

an ultrasonic imaging technique that is performed from inside the esophagus to evaluate heart structures.

507
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match.

508
Q

transgender

A

a person whose gender identity does not match their gender at birth.

509
Q

transient ischemic attack.

A

a temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain.

510
Q

transurethral prostatectomy

A

the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope.

511
Q

transverse fracture

A

a fracture that occurs straight across the bone.

512
Q

trauma

A

wound or injury.

513
Q

traumatic brain injury

A

a blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain.

514
Q

triage

A

the medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment.

515
Q

trichomoniasis

A

a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

516
Q

trichomycosis axillaris

A

superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands such as the armpits.

517
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve characterized by sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain on one side of the face.

518
Q

trismus

A

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer.

519
Q

tubal ligation

A

a surgical procedure performed for the purpose of female sterilization.

520
Q

tuberculin skin testing

A

a screening test for tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with a harmless antigen extracted from the TB bacteria.

521
Q

tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs.

522
Q

tumor

A

an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progressive; also known as a neoplasm

523
Q

tympanometry

A

the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear.

524
Q

tympanoplasty

A

the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear that is performed either to cure chronic inflammation or to restore function.

525
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells.

526
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

an insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively.

527
Q

ulcer

A

an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges.

528
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

529
Q

ultrasonic bone density testing

A

a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass.

530
Q

ultrasonography

A

the imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of sound wave pulses that are above the range of human hearing; also known as ultrasound.

531
Q

unconscious

A

a state of being unaware and unable to respond to any stimuli including pain.

532
Q

upper GI series and lower GI series

A

radiographic studies to examine the digestive system. A contrast medium is used to make these structures visible.

533
Q

upper respiratory infection

A

a term used to describe the common cold.

534
Q

uremia

A

a toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood.

535
Q

ureterectasis

A

the distention of a ureter.

536
Q

ureterectomy

A

the surgical removal of a ureter

537
Q

ureterolith

A

a stone located anywhere along the ureter.

538
Q

ureterorrhagia

A

the discharge of blood from the ureter.

539
Q

ureterorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a ureter.

540
Q

ureteroscopy

A

a treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

541
Q

urethral catheterization

A

the insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the bladder.

542
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra.

543
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair in the walls of the urethra.

544
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra.

545
Q

urethrorrhea

A

abnormal discharge from the urethra.

546
Q

urethrostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the urethra.

547
Q

urethrotomy

A

a surgical incision into the urethra.

548
Q

urinalysis

A

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements.

549
Q

urinary catheterization

A

the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen or drain urine.

550
Q

urinary hesitancy

A

difficulty in starting a urinary stream.

551
Q

urinary incontinence

A

the inability to control the voiding of urine.

552
Q

urinary retention

A

the inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate.

553
Q

urinary tract infection

A

an infection involving the structures of the urinary system that usually begins in the bladder.

554
Q

urticaria

A

itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

555
Q

uterine fibroid

A

a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus.

556
Q

uterine prolapse

A

the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina.

557
Q

uveitis

A

inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irritation.

558
Q

vaginal atrophy

A

a decrease in elasticity and lubrication of the vagina caused by hormonal changes.

559
Q

vaginal candidiasis

A

a vaginal infection caused by Candida albicans.

560
Q

vaginismus

A

an involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that close off the vagina

561
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the vagina.

562
Q

valvular prolapse

A

the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely.

563
Q

valvular stenosis

A

a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart.

564
Q

valvulitis

A

an inflammation of a heart valve

565
Q

valvuloplasty

A

the surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve.

566
Q

varicella

A

a highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster; also known as chickenpox.

567
Q

varicocele

A

a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum.

568
Q

varicocelectomy

A

the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele.

569
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.

570
Q

vascular birthmarks

A

birthmarks caused by blood vessels close to the skin’s surface.

571
Q

vascular dementia

A

a form of dementia caused by a restriction of blood to the brain.

572
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel.

573
Q

vasectomy

A

the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed.

574
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

medication that causes blood vessels to narrow.

575
Q

vasodilator

A

medication that causes blood vessels to expand.

576
Q

vasovasostomy

A

a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male.

577
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insects or animals that are capable of transmitting a disease).

578
Q

venography

A

a radiographic test that provides an image of specific veins after a contrast dye is injected.

579
Q

ventilator

A

a mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient’s natural breathing function.

580
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.

581
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

582
Q

verrucae

A

small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus.

583
Q

vertigo

A

a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting.

584
Q

vesicle

A

a small blister, less than 0.5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid.

585
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

the backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder.

586
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina.

587
Q

vestibular rehabilitation therapy

A

a form of physical therapy designed to treat a wide variety of balance disorders.

588
Q

video-assisted thoracic surgery

A

the use of a thoracoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions.

589
Q

viral

A

pertaining to a virus

590
Q

viral pneumonia

A

caused by several different types of viruses, accounts for approximately a third of all pneumonias.

591
Q

viruses

A

very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells.

592
Q

visual acuity

A

the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance.

593
Q

visual field testing

A

a diagnostic test to determine losses in peripheral vision.

594
Q

vitiligo

A

a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin.

595
Q

vitrectomy

A

the removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution.

596
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

597
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction.

598
Q

vulvitis

A

inflammation of the vulva.

599
Q

vulvodynia

A

a painful syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva.

600
Q

walking pneumonia

A

a milder but longer-lasting form of pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae

601
Q

Weber and Rinne tests

A

hearing tests that use a tuning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing losses.

602
Q

wedge resection

A

a surgery in which a small, wedgeshaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer.

603
Q

wellness

A

actively working toward a state of being in good physical and mental health.

604
Q

West Nile virus

A

a viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms, transmitted to humans by mosquito bites.

605
Q

western blot test

A

a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of HIV.

606
Q

wheal

A

a small bump that itches.

607
Q

white blood cell count

A

a blood test to determine the number of leukocytes in the blood.

608
Q

white blood cell differential

A

a blood test to determine what percentage of the total white blood cell count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes.

609
Q

Wilms tumor

A

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.

610
Q

xeroderma

A

excessively dry skin.

611
Q

xerophthalmia

A

drying of eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva.

612
Q

xerostomia

A

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands.

613
Q

yeast

A

a type of fungus.

Hosa (2 decks)

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