Horses as athletes Flashcards
what does exercise ultimately involve
physical exertion (muscle contraction must occur)
give 4 steps of “walking”
- legs move in forward direction
- muscle contraction to move bones
- “fuel” metabolized to create energy for contraction
- “fuel” and O2 transported to muscle
anatomy vs. physiology
anatomy: structure
physiology: processes
the study of the body systems that are involved in exercise
exercise physiology
changes that occur in the body in response to a single bout of exercise
acute (short term response)
changes that occur in the body over time due to repeated bouts of exercise
chronic (long term/training/conditioning response)
what 2 things are needed for muscle contraction
ATP and Ca2+
what 2 things are needed to make ATP
O2 and glucose/fat (form the diet)
how do horses get Ca2+
from their diet
O2 is needed for what aspect of exercise
stamina
what is the energy form that cells in the body can identify and use
O2
what happens to stamina if there is too much CO2?
stamina decreases
converts the nutrients into ATP that is needed for muscle contraction and other muscle functions
energy metabolism
storage from of glucose; several glucose stuck together
glycogen
what percentage of muscle compared to BW does an athletic horse have?
50% or more
_____ is how much O2 the animal can move
aerobic capacity
what year was the equine genome published
2007
the myostatin gene is considered the ____ gene
“speed” gene
change in behavior or performance
training
physical changes, adaptive responses, fitness
conditioning
aerobic or anaerobic: low intensity, slower, many steps
aerobic
aerobic or anaerobic: when ATP can’t be made fast enough, alternate pathways are needed, high intensity, shorter duration
anaerobic
what is a byproduct of anaerobic exercise
lactic acid
lasts over 2 hours, low intensity, aerobic
endurance activities
