Horse Flashcards
1
Q
Name the five basic horse coat colors.
A
Bay, black, brown, chestnut and white
2
Q
In addition to the five basic horse coat
colors, what are the five major variations
to these colors?
A
Dun (buckskin), grey, palomino, pinto and
roan
3
Q
What is said to be the hardest color to
describe, but the easiest to distinguish?
A
Bay
4
Q
What is the male parent or father?
A
Sire
5
Q
The female parent in horses is referred to as
the _____
A
Dam
6
Q
What is the scientific study of how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring?
A
Genetics
7
Q
Gestation requires how many days?
A
340 (300 to 400)
8
Q
How many teeth does a mare have?
A
36
9
Q
What is the area between the loin and the
tail head called?
A
Croup
10
Q
Can a horse vomit?
A
No
11
Q
Does a horse have a gallbladder?
A
No
12
Q
Name two parts of a horse’s large intestine.
A
Cecum, large colon, small colon and
rectum
13
Q
How long is the large colon?
A
10 to 12 feet
14
Q
How many teeth does a stallion or gelding
have?
A
40
15
Q
What is the capacity of the large colon?
A
80 quarts
16
Q
The main tube of the respiratory system is
called the ______.
A
Trachea or windpipe
17
Q
What is a slow trot called?
A
Jog
18
Q
What is a “cooled out” horse?
A
One that is neither hot to the touch nor
breathing hard.
19
Q
Name three parts of the hoof.
A
Toe, quarter, white line, heel, wall, frog,
sole and buttress
20
Q
What is the canter?
A
A three-beat gait; a moderate, easy, collected gait
21
Q
What is the horny growth on the inside of
the horse’s leg called?
A
Chestnuts, also called night eyes
22
Q
What is the horny growth behind the
fetlocks joint called?
A
Ergot
23
Q
How many inches make a hand?
A
4
24
Q
The horny inside of a hoof is called _____.
A
Laminae
25
The top of a horse’s head just behind the
ears is called the ______.
Poll
26
Which gait is known as the foundation
gait?
Walk
27
What kind of tissue moves the skeleton?
Muscle
28
What are the three natural gaits of the
horse?
Walk, trot and gallop
29
Is the trot a lateral or diagonal gait?
Diagonal
30
When loping, the horse’s independent
moving front leg is known as the _____.
Lead
31
What is the term for any mark or deformity that diminishes beauty but does not affect a horse’s usefulness?
Blemish
32
What term describes the period when a
tooth breaks through the gum?
Eruption
33
When referring to foot action, what is
meant by height?
The amount of elevation in the stride, determined by the radius of the arc
34
How many ribs does a horse have?
18
35
Why is a low center of gravity important?
It allows a horse to shift weight more
easily to perform athletic maneuvers.
36
What is a vertical crack on the side of the
hoof called?
Quarter crack or sand crack
37
The horse has what type of vision?
Monocular
38
Can a horse see what he is eating?
No
39
Where is a horse’s center of gravity?
At a point about 6 inches behind the elbow
40
At rest, which legs, front or rear, support
more weight?
Front legs
41
Should withers be high and well defined or
rounded?
High and well defined
42
Cannon, pastern and foot action are controlled by what two things?
Ligaments and tendons
43
Where should a rider’s weight be positioned to offer the greatest stability and least interference with a horse’s motion?
As near as possible over the horse’s center
of motion
44
Where is the horse’s center of motion
located?
Approximately over the 15th vertebra
45
What disease is the inflammation of the small navicular bone usually inside the front foot?
Navicular disease
46
Is navicular disease an unsoundness or a blemish?
Unsoundness
47
Why would size of nostrils be important?
Large ones allow for maximum air intake.
48
What condition causes the hoof to turn up and develop rough, deep rings in the hoof wall?
Founder
49
What hoof condition is caused by overfeeding, severe concussion or disease, and abnormal management?
Founder
50
What are bowed tendons and where are they found?
They are enlarged, stretched flexor tendons behind the cannon bones.
51
Is a ringbone a blemish or an unsoundness?
Unsoundness
52
If a horse has difficulty in breathing and/or lung damage, it is said to have ________.
Heaves
53
Is thrush an unsoundness or a blemish?
Blemish
54
A foal has a total of how many teeth?
24
55
Age can best be determined by examining what two aspects of the incisor teeth?
Wear and slant
56
Which teeth are used for determining the
age of a horse?
The incisors
57
Can canine teeth be found in a gelding?
Yes
58
Length of neck plays an important part in
length of _______.
Stride
59
What is the first part of the digestive tract?
Mouth
60
Normally a horse voids how much feces
per day?
33 to 50 pounds a day
61
The horse was reintroduced to North America by what group of people?
Spaniards
62
The horse had its beginnings about ___ million years ago.
58
63
How often should a horse be shod?
Every 4 to 6 weeks
64
Name four natural aids used to control the horse.
Legs, hands, weight and voice
65
Filing of rough, irregular teeth to give a smoother grinding surface is called______.
Floating
66
Which side is the off side?
The right side of the horse
67
What is the rising and descending of the rider with the rhythm of the trot?
Posting
68
What is a female foal up to 3 years old called?
A filly
69
What term is used when measuring the height of a horse?
Hand
70
What is the first stride in the lope or canter called?
Lead
71
Which side is the near side?
Left side of the horse
72
The horse is most useful between what ages?
3 to 15 years
73
A well-trained horse should travel at what speed when walking?
4 miles per hour
74
Horses that are stabled should be groomed how often?
At least once a day
75
Why is washing a poor substitute for regular grooming?
It removes the protective oil of the hair and
skin.
76
What is the term for a castrated male horse?
Gelding
77
When cleaning the hoof, in which direction should the hoof pick be used?
From the heel toward the toe
78
When should exercised horses be groomed?
Before leaving the stable or saddling and again when returned to the stable or unsaddled
79
How much does a healthy hoof grow per month?
3/8 to 1/2 inch
80
Which vice is known as biting or setting teeth against the manger or some other object while sucking air?
Cribbing
81
What is the term for the lateral movement of the horse without forward or backward movement?
Side step, side pass or traverse
82
One who is trained and skilled in the treating of diseases and injuries of animals is called a ________.
Veterinarian
83
What is the written record of the ancestry of an animal called?
Pedigree
84
Name three grooming aids.
Currycomb, sweat scraper, body brush, mane and tail comb, hoof pick (also allow other items not listed)
85
True neck reining is the response of your horse to the _____ of the rein against the neck.
Weight
86
Where is navicular disease found?
Front feet
87
What is the familiar name for the disease caused by the streptococcus equi bacteria?
Strangles
88
What is the common name for tetanus?
Lockjaw
89
What is a means of artificially stimulating the immunity of an animal without actually giving it the disease?
Vaccination
90
What is the term given to acute abdominal pain that may be caused by a great variety of disorders?
Colic
91
Is tetanus caused by a virus or bacteria?
Bacteria
92
Name the three parts that compose the bridle.
Reins, bit and headstall
93
What is the wooden or metal frame of a saddle called?
A tree
94
Which of the energy-rich grains is safest and easiest to feed?
Oats
95
What are the three main types of feed?
Roughages, concentrates and mixed feeds
96
Name three of the five types of nutrients a horse needs.
Energy nutrients, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water
97
What is the main energy nutrient?
Carbohydrate
98
An adult horse’s body is about what percentage of water?
50 percent or 1/2
99
What is a white leg marking that is from the coronet to the knee?
Stocking
100
What is the most common horse breed in the US?
The American Quarter Horse
101
Where is the home of the American Quarter Horse Association?
Amarillo, Texas
102
What is the most vital of all nutrients for horses?
Water
103
What is an overshot jaw of the horse called?
Parrot mouth
104
How many bones are in the horses hoof?
Three
105
Where do you find ringbone?
The pastern.
106
What is the purpose of a flank cinch on a roping saddle?
To prevent the saddle from flipping forward over the horse’s head when the rope is pulled tight by a fighting steer or calf
107
How often should a horse have its teeth checked?
Annually.
108
Where on the horse is height measured?
At the withers
109
What does TDN stand for?
Total Digestible Nutrients
110
How many beats does a canter or lope have?
Three
111
What are the two basic types of roughages?
Grasses and legumes
112
How often should a horse’s feet be cleaned?
Once per day
113
Which hooves grow faster?
Hind Hooves
114
What tissue moves the skeleton?
Muscle
115
What is another name for canine teeth?
Tushes or Wolf Teeth
116
What is a cloudy or opaque appearance of the eye?
Cataract
117
What is the offspring of the sire called?
Get
118
What is a simple method of estimating a horse’s hydration level?
Skin-Pinch test
119
What is the proper slope of the pastern?
45 degrees
120
Name two deformities of the hoof associated with founder.
Hoof roughness, deep rings, hoof turned up, excessive heat
121
Name four of the seven major muscle groups.
Chest, forearm, shoulder, loin, hip, stifle, and gaskin
122
Which mineral carries oxygen in the blood?
Iron
123
Name four of the digestive accessory organs.
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver and pancreas
124
How often should an unshod horse have their hooves trimmed?
At least once a month or every 4 to 6 weeks
125
How many muscles are found below the hock?
None
126
In the horse, what is the corresponding structure to man’s ankle and heel?
Hock
127
How many bones are found in a horse’s skull?
34
128
How many joints are found in a front leg?
6
129
What is the term for an acquired, annoying habit?
Vice
130
What is the muscular part of the hind leg above the hock?
Gaskin
