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The Endocrine System > Horomones > Flashcards

Horomones Flashcards

1
Q

This Hormone targets bones, muscle, and fat by stimulating growth

A

Growth Hormone

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2
Q

Growth Hormones are secreted from which gland?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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3
Q

This hormone Induces TSH release

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH)

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4
Q

Thyroid Stimulating hormone is secreted by which gland?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

Which gland induces the release of T3 and T4

TSH

A

Anterior pituitary

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6
Q

This hormone targets mammary glands to produce milk

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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7
Q

Which gland releases Prolactin (PRL)

A

Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

This hormone targets the adrenal glands to produce cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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9
Q

These hormone targets males: interstitial cells in testes; in females: mature ovarian follicle males: testosterone secretion females: ovulation

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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10
Q

Which glad releases Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Anterior Pituitary

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11
Q

This hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water ( increases blood pressure)

A

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

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12
Q

Which gland secretes Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Posterior Pituitary

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13
Q

This hormone targets uterine smooth muscle to contract during labor and at the time of milk production

A

Oxytocin (OT)

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14
Q

Which gland secretes Oxytocin (OT)

A

Posterior pituitary

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15
Q

This hormone targets all cells in the body to regulates the rate of metabolism

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4)

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16
Q

Which gland secretes Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4)?

A

Thyroid

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17
Q

This hormone targets the distal convoluted tubules, osteoblasts of bones and lowers blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

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18
Q

Which gland releases calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

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19
Q

Which hormone targets the proximal kidney tubules, osteoclasts, intestine, increases blood Ca++ / reabsorption of Ca++ into blood from bone resorption, dietary Ca ++ absorption

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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20
Q

Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Parathyroid gland

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21
Q

This hormone targets the proximal convoluted tubules for the reabsorption of water and Na (increases blood pressure)

A

ALDOSTERONE

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22
Q

Which gland is responsible for the secretion of Aldosterone?

A

Adrenal cortex

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23
Q

This hormone targets all cells to control the rate of glucose metabolism

A

CORTISOL

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24
Q

Which gland secretes cortisol

A

adrenal cortex

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25
This hormone targets secondary sex organs and affects development at puberty and maintenance throughout life (the female hormone)
ESTROGEN
26
Which gland secretes Estrogen
ovarian follicle
27
This hormone is involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species by targeting the uterine endometrium (preparation for implantation thickens, etc)
PROGESTERONE
28
Which gland secretes Progesterone
corpus luteum of the ovary
29
This hormone is known as the male hormone 😍 affects secondary sex organs
Testosterone
30
Which gland secretes testosterone
seminiferous tubules/testes and precursors made by the adrenal cortex
31
This hormone is responsible for glucose metabolism and inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
SOMATOSTATIN
32
Which gland is responsible for the secretion of somatostatin
DELTA cells of Pancreatic Islets
33
Which hormone pushes glucose into cells from blood, glycogen formation (decreases blood glucose)
INSULIN
34
Which gland secretes insulin?
Pancreatic Islets
35
This hormone targets liver and skeletal muscle and responsible for the breakdown of glycogen (increase in blood glucose)?
Glucagon
36
Which gland secretes glucagon?
Alpha cells of Pancreatic Islets
37
This hormone targets cardiac muscle, arteriole/ bronchiole smooth muscle, diaphragm, etc to increases blood pressure, and heart rate?
EPINEPHRINE/ NOREPINEPHRINE
38
Which gland secretes Epinephrine/norepinephrine?
Adrenal Medulla
39
Which hormone targets the limbic system / medial temporal lobe affecting the circadian rhythm/sleep cycles and controls emotions/behavior?
Melatonin
40
Which gland is responsible for the release of melatonin?
Pineal
41
Which hormone targets T-lymphocytes and responsible for maturation?
Thymosin
42
Which gland is responsible for the release of thymosin?
Thymus gland
43
Defined as chemical messengers that can stimulate target cells at low concentrations that help regulate homeostasis and regulates metabolic processes?
Hormones
44
True or false, the pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine in nature?
True
45
Describe in anatomical terms the position of the pancreas.
Inferior to the stomach – in ULQ (upper left quadrant) of the abdominal cavity
46
What does the pancreas secrete into the pancreatic duct?
4 different enzymes | Lipase, amylase, trypsin, and nuclease
47
Which hormone does the pancreas secrete into the blood that chemically communicates by binding to the liver cell’s insulin receptor protein at times of hyperglycemia after a meal?
Insulin
48
Name all the hormones produced by the pancreas.
Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
49
In the case of high blood glucose levels, the stimulation of insulin production is an example of what kind of feedback?
Negative feedback
50
In cases of starvation, what does the pancreas do?
Makes glucagon causing an increase in blood glucose levels
51
Which two main categories do hormones fall into?
Lipids or proteins; steroid or nonsteroid
52
Is insulin a lipid or protein?
Protein
53
How many polypeptide chains do insulin consists of?
Two
54
True or false? Insulin is made up of chains of lipids?
False: amino acids
55
The polypeptide chains that insulin is composed of is held together by?
Di-sulfide bridges
56
Name a hormone that is considered a lipid?
Steroid hormones
57
Lipids are composed mainly of?
Carbon and Hydrogen
58
Steroids are synthesized by what substance?
Cholesterol
59
Which two hormones are made from cholesterol?
Testosterone and Estrogen
60
Are lipid hormones: paracrine substances derived from the fatty acid arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid
Prostaglandins
61
Pancrine secretions are secreted __________ such as into areas of inflamation.
Locally
62
True or false: prostaglandins are lipids that are synthesized and released slowly and inactivated slowly?
False: Prostaglandins are synthesized and released quickly and inactivated quickly
63
True or false: Prostaglandins can activate or inactivate adenylate cyclase
True
64
True or false: Prostigaladins can relax or contract smooth muscle?
True
65
True or false: Prostaglandins stimulate non-horomone secretions?
False: stimulates hormone secretions
66
True or false: Prostaglandins Influence potassium ion movement?
False: Prostigladins stimulates sodium ion movements
67
Hormones that contain nitrogen are classified as?
Amines
68
Name two types of Amine hormones.
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
69
True or false: Amine hormones can have both lipid-like characteristics and protein- like characteristics
True
70
True or false: Steroid hormones can easily pass through cell and nuclear phospholipid membranes! Protein hormones cannot.
True
71
Protein hormones like insulin and glucagon induce a | ____________ - c-AMP.
Second Messenger
72
Where does the translation of the mRNA occur in a cell?
In the cytoplasm
73
What is the first sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action
The endocrine gland secretes steroid hormone
74
What is the second sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action
Steroid hormone diffuses through the target cell membrane and enters the cytoplasm or nucleus
75
What is the third sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action
Hormone combines with a receptors molecule in the cytoplasm or nucleus
76
What is the fourth sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action
Steroid hormone-receptor complex binds with the DNA and promotes transcription of the messenger RNA
77
What is the fifth sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action
Messenger RNA enters the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis
78
What is the sixth sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action
Newly synthesized proteins produce the hormone's specific effect.

The Endocrine System (1 decks)

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