Hormones Quiz Flashcards
what is the target organ of ADH
kidney/kidney tubules
What is the role of Gonadocorticoids?
Promote secondary sexual characteristics
what does norephinephrine do
helps to the body prepare for action by increasing alertness, arousal and attention
what does PTH do
Stimulates bone cells to break down bone material (calcium phosphate) and reabsorb calcium into the blood in order to raise blood calcium levels
what is the target organ of oxytocin
smooth muscle in uterus and mammary glands
What does progesterone promote?
Growth of the uterine lining and prevents uterine muscle contractions
what does melatonin do
lets the body know when it’s time to sleep and when to wake up
what hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary
follice-stimulating hormone (FSH), luitenizing hormone (LH), human growth hormone (hGH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), (thyroid stimulating hormone) TSH
what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete
ADH and oxytocin
What do Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) promote?
Reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys
What is the function of Calcitonin?
Targets bones and kidneys to lower blood calcium by inhibiting the release of calcium from bone and reabsorption of calcium by kidneys
what does PTH stand for
parathyroid hormonew
What does Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
What is the role of estrogen?
Stimulates uterine lining growth and promotes development of the female secondary sexual characteristics
What are the effects of Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)?
Stimulate tissues to raise blood glucose and break down protein
What is the function of Prolactin (PRL)?
Stimulates milk production from the mammary glands
What does glucagon do?
Raises blood glucose levels by converting glycogen to glucose
what does the 4 in T4 mean
the number of iodine molecules in the hormone (4)
What hormone does the Anterior Pituitary secrete for cell division and growth?
Human growth hormone (hGH)
Stimulates cell division, bone and muscle growth, and metabolic functions
what is the target organ of PRL
mammary glands
What hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating the bone cells to release calcium, the intestine to absorb calcium from food, and the kidneys to reabsorb calcium
what stimulus do the adrenal glands respond to
stress
What is the function of insulin?
Lowers blood glucose levels and promotes the formation of glycogen in the liver
whats T3
the active form of T4; created by T4 which turns into T3 in the liver and kidneys
What is the function of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Stimulates the thyroid gland
What is the function of testosterone?
Promotes sperm formation and development of the male secondary sexual characteristics
What is the role of Oxytocin (OCT)?
Stimulates uterine muscle contractions and release of milk by the mammary glands
what does hGH stand for
human growth hormone
where is epinephrine and norepinephrine produced and secreted from
adrenal medulla
What hormones are secreted by the Adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Fight-or-flight hormones; raise blood glucose levels
What is the role of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Stimulates production of ova and sperm from the ovaries and testes
what stimulates the release of melatonin
secretion is stimulated by darkness and inhibition is stimulted by light
what does cortisol do
stimulates conversion
of muscle (protein) and fat into
glucose to increase blood sugar levels
what cells secrete insulin
beta cells in the islets of langerhans within the pancreas
what does TSH stand for
thyroid stimulating hormone
what is the target organ of ACTH
adrenal cortex
what does ADH stand for
antidiuretic hormone
what is the target organ of hGH
bones and tissues
what cells secrete glucagon
alpha cells in the islets of langerhans within the pancreas
what does the adrenal cortex secrete
cortisol and aldosterone
What hormone does the Posterior Pituitary secrete to promote water retention?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Promotes the retention of water by the kidneys
what is the target organ of FSH and LH
ovaries and testes
What does Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate?
Stimulates sex hormone production from the ovaries and testes
What does Thyroxine (T4) do?
Increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development; affects all tissues
what hormone stimulates the release of FSH and LH
GnRH
What hormones are secreted by the Hypothalamus?
Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones
Regulates anterior pituitary hormones
what does T4 stand for
thyroxine
what is the target organ of TSH
thyroid
where is melatonin produced and secreted from
the pineal gland
what does epinephrine do
prepares body for fight or flight response by increasing blood sugar levels, increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to muscles and brain, etc.
what does ACTH stand for
adrenocorticotropic hormone
what are tropic hormones
hormones that target endocrine glands and stimulate them to release other hormones
what does LH stand for
luteinizing hormone
what does FSH stand for
follice-stimulating hormone
what does PRL stand for
prolactin
where is calcitonin produced and released
thyroid gland
