Hormones (Page 385)

Question 1

Releasing and Inhibiting Factors

Answer 1

HYPOTHALAMUS -> ANTERIOR PITUITARY: modifies activities

Question 2

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 2

ANTERIOR PITUITARY: increases bone and muscle growth, increases cell turnover rate

Question 3

Prolactin

Answer 3

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> MAMMARY GLAND: milk production

Question 4

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 4

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> THYROID: increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone (tropic)

Question 5

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 5

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> ADRENAL GLAND: increases growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

Question 6

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 6

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> OVARY/ TESTES: ovulation or testosterone synthesis

Question 7

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 7

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> OVARY / TESTES: follicle development or spermatogenesis

Question 8

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

Answer 8

POSTERIOR PITUITARY -> KIDNEY: water retention

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

POSTERIOR PITUITARY -> BREAST & UTERUS: milk letdown and uteral contractions

Question 10

Thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)

Answer 10

THYROID: in the child it is necessary for physical and mental development; in the adult, it increases metabolic rate and temperature

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

THYROID C CELLS -> BONE, KIDNEY, SMALL INTESTINE: lowers serum [Ca2+]

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

PARATHYROIDS -> BONE, KIDNEY, SMALL INTESTINE: raises serum [Ca2+]

Question 13

Thymosin

Answer 13

THYMUS: is involved in T-cell development during childhood.

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

ADRENAL MEDULLA: sympathetic stress response (rapid)

Question 15

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

Answer 15

ADRENAL CORTEX: results in a longer-term stress response; increased blood [glucose]; increased protein catabolism; decreased inflammation and immunity; many other

Question 16

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

Answer 16

ADRENAL MEDULLA -> KIDNEY: increased Na+ reabsorption to increase blood pressure

Question 17

Sex steroids

Answer 17

ADRENAL CORTEX: not normally important, but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization.

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: decreases blood [glucose]; increases glycogen and fat storage; it is activated at high blood [glucose] and is absent or ineffective in diabetes melitus

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

ALPHA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: secreted at low blood [glucose] and results in an increase in blood [glucose] and decrease in glycogen and fat storage

Question 20

Somatostatin (SS)

Answer 20

SIGMA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: inhibits many digestive processes

Question 21

Testosterone

Answer 21

TESTES: male characteristics; spermatogenesis

Question 22

Estrogen

Answer 22

OVARIES / PLACENTA: Female characteristics, endometrial growth

Question 23

Progesterone

Answer 23

OVARIES / PLACENTA: leads to endometrial secretion, pregnancy

Question 24

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

Answer 24

HEART -> KIDNEY: increases urination to decrease blood pressure

Question 25

Erythropoeitin

Answer 25

KIDNEY -> BONE MARROW: increases RBC synthesis

Question 26

Regulation of [Ca2+]

Answer 26

Parathyroid hormone and Calcitonin

Question 27

Regulation of blood [glucose]

Answer 27

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 28

Milk production and letdown

Answer 28

Oxytocin and Prolactin

Question 29

Secreted by the Pancreas

Answer 29

Glucagon (alpha) & Insulin (beta) & Somatostatin (sigma)

Question 30

Involved in Pregnancy Prepping

Answer 30

Oxytocin, Prolactin, Progesterone, Estrogen, LH, FSH

Question 31

Regulation of B.P.

Answer 31

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) & Aldosterone

Question 32

Hormones that increase blood [glucose]

Answer 32

Glucagon (polypeptide derivative), Epinepherine (amino acid derivative), Cortisol (steroid / glucocorticoid)