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MCAT Biology > Hormones of the Endocrine System > Flashcards

Hormones of the Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Gland: releasing and inhibiting factors

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Class: releasing and inhibiting factors

A

peptides

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3
Q

Target/effect: releasing and inhibiting factors

A

anterior pituitary/modify activity

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4
Q

Gland: growth hormone (GH)

A

Anterior pituitary

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5
Q

Class: growth hormone (GH)

A

peptide

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6
Q

Target/effect: growth hormone (GH)

A

inc. bone & muscle growth, inc. cell turnover rate

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7
Q

Gland: prolactin

A

Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

Class: prolactin

A

peptide

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9
Q

Target/effect: prolactin

A

mammary gland/milk production

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10
Q

Gland: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Anterior pituitary

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11
Q

Class: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

peptide

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12
Q

Target/effect: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

thyroid/inc. synthesis & release of TH

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13
Q

Gland: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Anterior pituitary

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14
Q

Class: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

peptide

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15
Q

Target/effect: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

inc. growth & secretory activity of adrenal ctx

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16
Q

Gland: luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Anterior pituitary

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17
Q

Class: luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

peptide

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18
Q

Target/effect: luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synth.

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19
Q

Gland: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Anterior pituitary

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20
Q

Class: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

peptide

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21
Q

Target/effect: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis

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22
Q

Gland: antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

A

Posterior pituitary

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23
Q

Class: antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

A

peptide

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24
Q

Target/effect: antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

A

kidney/water retention

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25
Q

Gland: oxytocin

A

Posterior pituitary

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26
Q

Class: oxytocin

A

peptide

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27
Q

Target/effect: oxytocin

A

breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction

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28
Q

Gland: thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)

A

Thyroid

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29
Q

Class: calcitonin

A

peptide

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30
Q

Target/effect: calcitonin

A

bone, kidney; lowers serum [Ca2+]

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31
Q

Gland: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Parathyroids

32
Q

Class: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

peptide

33
Q

Target/effect: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

bone, kidney, small intestine/raises serum [Ca2+]

34
Q

Gland: thymosin (children only)

A

Thymus

35
Q

Class: thymosin (children only)

A

peptide

36
Q

Target/effect: thymosin (children only)

A

T cell development during childhood

37
Q

Gland: epinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

Class: epinephrine

A

modified amino acid

39
Q

Target/effect: epinephrine

A

sympathetic stress response (rapid)

40
Q

Gland: cortisol (“glucocorticoid”)

A

Adrenal cortex

41
Q

Class: cortisol (“glucocorticoid”)

A

steroid

42
Q

Target/effect: cortisol (“glucocorticoid”)

A

longer-term stress response; inc. blood [glucose]; inc. protein catabolism; dec. inflammation & immunity; many other

43
Q

Gland: aldosterone (“mineralocorticoid”)

A

Adrenal cortex

44
Q

Class: aldosterone (“mineralocorticoid”)

A

steroid

45
Q

Target/effect: aldosterone (“mineralocorticoid”)

A

kidney/inc. Na+ reabsorption to inc. b.p.

46
Q

Gland: sex steroids

A

Adrenal cortex

47
Q

Gland: insulin

A

Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

48
Q

Class: insulin

A

peptide

49
Q

Target/effect: insulin

A

dec. blood [glucose]/inc. glycogen & fat storage

50
Q

Gland: glucagon

A

Endocrine pancreas

51
Q

Class: glucagon

A

peptide

52
Q

Target/effect: glucagon

A

inc. blood [glucose]/dec. glycogen & fat storage

53
Q

Gland: somatostatin (SS)

A

Endocrine pancreas

54
Q

Class: somatostatin (SS)

A

peptide

55
Q

Target/effect: somatostatin (SS)

A

inhibits many digestive processes

56
Q

Gland: testosterone

A

Testes

57
Q

Class: testosterone

A

steroid

58
Q

Target/effect: testosterone

A

male characteristics, spermatogenesis

59
Q

Gland: estrogen

A

Ovaries/placenta

60
Q

Class: estrogen

A

steroid

61
Q

Target/effect: estrogen

A

female characteristics, endometrial growth

62
Q

Gland: progesterone

A

Ovaries/placenta

63
Q

Class: progesterone

A

steroid

64
Q

Target/effect: progesterone

A

endometrial secretion, pregnancy

65
Q

Gland: atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

A

Heart

66
Q

Class: atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

A

peptide

67
Q

Target/effect: atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

A

kidney/inc. urination to dec. blood pressure

68
Q

Gland: erythropoietin

A

Kidney

69
Q

Class: erythropoietin

A

peptide

70
Q

Target/effect: erythropoietin

A

bone marrow/inc. RBC synthesis

71
Q

Anterior pituitary tropic hormone

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

72
Q

Anterior pituitary gonadotropic hormone

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

73
Q

Thyroid C cell hormone

A

calcitonin

74
Q

hormone secreted by beta cells

A

insulin

75
Q

hormone secreted by alpha cells

A

glucagon

MCAT Biology (2 decks)

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