Hormones In The Human Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Stage 1 of the Menstrual cycle
A
- First day of period (day 1)
- Usually lasts anywhere from 3-7 days
2
Q
Stage 2 of Menstrual Cycle
A
- At the beginning - FSH is released, after being produced in the pituitary gland.
FSH stimulates ovaries to produce mature eggs
3
Q
Stage 3 of the Menstrual Cycle
A
- FSH stimulates a number of follicles to develop and produce oestrogen
- Level of oestrogen is lowest on the first day of periods and increases as the follicle reachers oestrogen
4
Q
Stage 4 of the Menstrual Cycle
A
- Level of oestrogen is still increasing
- Eventually causes a rapid rise in LH but inhibits the production of FSH
- Causes the dominant follicle to rupture and release a mature egg from the ovaries, where it enters the Fallopian tube.
OVULATION BEGINS
5
Q
Stage 5 of the Menstrual Cycle
A
- As soon as you’ve ovulated, the empty follicle start to produce progesterone
6
Q
Stage 6 of the Menstrual Cycle
A
- Progesterone causes the further build up of the lining of your uterus, in preparation for a fertilised egg
7
Q
Stage 7 of the Menstural Cycle
A
- As the empty follicle shrinks (the egg isn’t fertilised) , levels of progesterone decrease.
- Without high levels of progesterone, the thick womb lining starts to break down.
- The body shed this lining, marking the start of your period and Menstrual cycles
8
Q
FSH:
- where is it produced?
- what does it do in the menstrual cycle?
- target organ?
A
- produced in pituitary gland
- Stimulates ovaries to produce mature eggs
- Target organ : ovaries
9
Q
Oestrogen:
- where is it produced
- function in the menstrual cycle
- target organ?
A
- made by follicles in the ovaries
- Stimulates the production of LH, inhibits the production of FSH
- Target organ : Pituitary gland
10
Q
LH:
- where is it produced
- function in the menstrual cycle
- target organ?
A
- made in the pituitary gland
- Causes the dominant follicle to rupture and release a mature egg
- target organ: Ovaries
11
Q
Progesterone:
- where is it produced
- function in the menstrual cycle
- Target organ?
A
- Produced in the empty follicle (CORPEUS LUTEUM)
- Causes further build up of the uterus’ lining for another fertilised egg
- Target organ:Uterus
12
Q
High levels of oestrogen inhibit the production of FSH in the pituitary gland.
Explain how this is an example of negative feedback.
A
- As the follicle becomes CORPUS LEUTEM, more oestrogen and progesterone are produced, sending signals to the pituitary gland to not produce more FSH
13
Q
What does IVF stand for?
A
In Vitro Fertilisation - fertilisation in the laboratory outside the mother’s body
14
Q
How can clomiphene be used to treat infertility?
A
- The drug causes more FSH and LH to be released by the body, Stimulating egg maturation and ovulation
- By knowing when the woman will be ovulating, a couple can improve their chances of pregnancy by trying for a baby near to ovulation
15
Q
What are the steps of IVF?
A
- A drug is given to suppress the production of FSH and LH - stops the usual cycle of egg maturation and ovulation
- a larger dose of LH is given - causes many egg cells to grow and mature in both ovaries
- a larger dose of FSH is given everyday for several days - completes egg maturation, so that many mature eggs are released at once
- While the egg cells are in the lab, progesterone is given - prepares the uterus for an embryo, by thickening its lining
