Hormones + Functions

Question 1

Melatonin

Answer 1

Target: Thalamus
Function: makes you drowsy / controls body clock
involved in photoperiodism
increases at night, decreases in day

Question 2

TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 2

Target: Thyroid
Function: stimulates release of thyroxin

Question 3

ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 3

Target: Adrenal Cortex
Function: stimulates release of long term stress hormones
stimulates release of cortisol and aldosterone (adrenal cortex hormones)

Question 4

hGh - Human Growth Hormone

Answer 4

Target: Somatic Cells
Function: promotes body growth
promotes daily repair of the body

Question 5

FSH - Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Answer 5

Target: Ovaries and Testes
Function:
Females - stimulates egg development in the ovaries
Males - stimulates sperm development in the testes

Question 6

LH - Lutenizing Hormone

Answer 6

Target: Ovaries and Testes
Function:
Females - stimulates ovulation production of estrogen
Males - stimulates production of testosterone

Question 7

MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Answer 7

Target: Melanocytes (Melanin=pigment)
Function: stimulates pigment production in the skin, hair & iris

Question 8

PRL - Prolactin

Answer 8

Target: Mammary Glands
Function: stimulates and maintains milk production in mammals

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Target: Uterus & Mammary Glands
Function: initiates urinary contractions (cramping/labour)
stimulates milk release in mammals
occurs in pregnancy

Question 10

ADH - Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 10

Target: Kidney
Function: prevents water loss through the kidney
promotes reabsorption of water back into the blood

Question 11

Thyroxin

Answer 11

Target: Somatic Cells
Function: temperature regulation (create heat), burn fuel or produce ATP, convert food into
tissue… !! homeostasis functions !!
raises metabolism

Question 12

Calcitonin

Answer 12

Targets: Bones, Teeth & Muscles
Functions: absorbs and stores calcium from blood
- strong bones & teeth
- muscle work
- blood clotting

Question 13

PTH - Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 13

Target: Bones & Teeth
Function: bones & teeth release calcium into the blood

Question 14

Insulin

Answer 14

Target: Body Cells, Liver & Muscles
Function:
Body Cells - absorb glucose & store as fat (long term)
Liver & Muscles - absorb glucose & store as glycogen (short term)
+ve as you eat

Question 15

Glucagon

Answer 15

Target: Liver and Muscles
Function: liver and muscles convert glycogen back into glucose
raises blood glucose levels
+ve until you eat

Question 16

Cortisol

Answer 16

Target: Somatic Cells (body cells in need of repairs - joints, muscles, skin, etc)
Function: suppresses inflammation
stimulates breakdown of fats & proteins (at injury site)
releases glucose - provide stressed body w/ needed energy
increases heart rate & blood pressure
wake up hormone

Question 17

Aldosterone

Answer 17

Target: Kidney
Function: causes retention of Na2+ in kidneys to reabsorb back into blood
-> water is retained (osmosis)
increases blood pressure

Question 18

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Answer 18

Target: Somatic Cells
Function: increased sympathetic response (increased heart rate & breathing rate)
-> increased heart rate & breathing rate, converts glycogen to glucose, blood clots
faster, pupils dilate, blood flow shifts to muscles, bronchioles dilate

Question 19

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Answer 19

Target: Somatic Cells
Function: focuses attention and memory
the ‘Game-Face’ hormone
increases blood pressure (restricts arteries)
accompanies adrenaline
also a neurotransmitter

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

Target: Somatic Cells
Function: responsible for MALE secondary characteristics
-> growth of pubic hair, increased muscle tone, increased facial hair, deeper voice,
sperm production & genital growth

Question 21

Inhibin

Answer 21

Target: Hypothalamus
Function: controls sperm production
-> slows release of FSH from the APG

Question 22

Estrogen

Answer 22

Target: Somatic Cells
Function: responsible for FEMALE secondary characteristics
-> growth of pubic hair, breast development, widened hips, increased fat storage,
menstruation (ovulation), genital growth

Question 23

Progesterone

Answer 23

Target: Uterine Lining
Function: responsible for maintaining pregnancy
-> maintains the uterine lining necessary to support the developing fetus(es)

Question 24

Relaxin

Answer 24

Target: Abdomen & Birth Canal
Function: active during pregnancy & labour
-> opens birth canal; allows abdomen to stretch/grow with the baby

Question 25

HCG -

Question 26

TRH - Thyroid Releasing Hormone

Answer 26

Target: APG (anterior pituitary gland)
Function: stimulates the release of TSH into the blood

Question 27

GnRH - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (stimulate gonads)

Answer 27

Target: Pituitary?
Function: stimulates release of FSH & vLH