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Hormones - Function Flashcards

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1
Q

TRH - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulates anterior P.G. to release TSH.

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2
Q

CRH - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulates anterior P.G. to release ACTH. Acts as starter for stress response.

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3
Q

GnRH - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulates anterior P.G. to release LH and FSH.

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4
Q

PIF - Prolactin-Inhibiting Factor

A

Inhibits PRL.

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5
Q

GH-IH - Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

A

Stimulates anterior P.G. to release hGH.

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6
Q

GH-IH - Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone/Somatostatin

A

Inhibits hGH. Also inhibits Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, and Glucagon.

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7
Q

hGH - Somatotropin

A

Stimulates SKMT, cartilage, bone growth, by enlacing protein synthesis.

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8
Q

TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Stimulates thyroid glands to secrete T3/T4.

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9
Q

FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles, plays role in menstruation and reproduction.

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10
Q

LH - Luteinizing Hormone

A

Triggers ovulation, helps produce Progesterone.

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11
Q

PRL - Prolactin

A

Stimulates engorgement of mammary glands with milk.

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12
Q

ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

Stimulates adrenal glands to secrete certain adrenal hormones. `

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13
Q

MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

A

Stimulates melanocytes to release melanin.

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14
Q

OT - Oxytocin

A

Stimulates myometrial contractions, milk ejection, rises in both men and women during orgasm; the “love” hormone.

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15
Q

ADH/VP - Vasopressin

A

Stimulates aquaporins in DCT/collecting ducts, allowing for reabsorption of water.

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16
Q

T3 - Triiodothyronine

A

Stimulates basic metabolic rate, increased heart rate and force of contraction, increased body temperature. Active form.

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17
Q

T4 - Thyroxine

A

Stimulates basic metabolic rate, increased heart rate and force of contraction, increased body temperature. Inactive form.

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18
Q

CT- Calcitonin

A

Lowers calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts and reducing absorption in the small intestine. Increases excretion from kidneys.

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19
Q

PTH - Parathyroid Hormone

A

Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts. Decreases excretion from kidney. Opposite of CT.

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20
Q

ALD - Aldosterone

A

Stimulates sodium reabsorption in collecting ducts, saving water.

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21
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone; stimulates metabolism during stress.

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22
Q

DHEA - Dehydroepiandrosterone

A

Converts to sex hormones stimulating pubic/axillary hair during puberty.

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23
Q

Epinephrine - Adrenaline

A

Enhances the affects of the sympathetic nervous system. Used for many reasons including cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis.

24
Q

Melatonin

A

Controls circadian rhythm.

25
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Increases rate of calcium, magnesium, and others in small intestine.

26
Q

Gastrin

A

Stimulates chief and parietal cells; promote mixing; contract lower esophageal sphincter and relax pyloric sphincter.

27
Q

Intrinsic Factor B12

A

Required for absorption of vitamin B12 in duodenum.

28
Q

Motilin

A

Stimulates migratory motility complex.

29
Q

Ghrelin

A

Appetite stimulator.

30
Q

Serotonin

A

Increases local peristalsis; vasoconstriction of damaged tunica media.

31
Q

Intestinal Gastrin

A

Stimulates chief and parietal cells; promote mixing; contract lower esophageal sphincter and relax pyloric sphincter. SIMILAR TO STOMACH GASTRIN.

32
Q

Secretin

A

Triggers release of livers-gallbladder/pancreatic secretions to neutralize acidic chyme.

33
Q

GIP - Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

A

Triggers release of insulin in presence of fats/carbs, especially glucose; reduces stomach activity.

34
Q

CCK - Cholecystokinin

A

Causes Sphincter of Oddi to relax, allowing for pancreatic secretions to enter; gallbladder contracts; appetite suppressant; reduces stomach activity.

35
Q

VIP - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

A

Stimulates intestinal glands; dilates capillaries; inhibits HCI production in stomach.

36
Q

Insulin

A

Decrease blood glucose levels through absorption of glucose from blood to metabolically active cells.

37
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose levels through glycogen catabolism in liver.

39
Q

Osteocalcin

A

Many purposes. Bone remodeling, regulation of bone absorption, endocrine effects, brain function and cognition, potential role in male fertility.

40
Q

Leptin

A

‘Satiety hormone’; reflective of total body fat, when lower, stimulates eating and vice versa.

41
Q

Renin

A

Enzyme that triggers the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

42
Q

EPO - Erythropoietin

A

Stimulates release of RBC’s from bone marrow.

43
Q

ANP/BNP- Atrial Naturetic Peptide and and Brian Naturetic Peptide

A

Inhibits Na+ and ultimately water reabsorption; inhibits ALD, ADH; peripheral vasodilation.

44
Q

Angiotensinogen

A

Circulating angiotensin precursor.

45
Q

Angiotensin I

A

Vasodilates.

46
Q

Angiotensin II

A

Converted from Angiotensin I by ACE, vasoconstricts.

47
Q

Thymosins

A

Stimulates T-Lymphocytes maturation.

48
Q

Testosterone

A

Spermatogenesis, maintains male secondary sex characteristics, increases bone and muscle growth, maintains libido.

49
Q

ABP - Androgen Binding Protein

A

Increases artificially the amount of androgens in lumen of seminiferous tubules for spermatogenesis.

50
Q

Inhibin

A

Inhibits FSH, and possibly LH and GnRH, production in anterior P.G.

51
Q

Estrogens

A

Oogenesis; maintains female sex characteristics and increases bone growth, maintains libido; lowers circulating cholesterol; creates infertility in men due to reduced fluid reabsorption in rete testes and efferent ductules (sperm too dilute.)

52
Q

Progesterone

A

Stimulates growth of and maintains endometrial lining of uterus.

53
Q

Relaxin

A

Relaxes myometrium for implantation initially; dilates cervix, releases myometrium and cartilaginous joint of pubic symphysis during birth.

54
Q

hCG - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

A

Signals implantation of the embryo stimulating the maintenance of the corpus luteum in the ovary of 4-5 months.

55
Q

hPL/hCS - Human Placental Lactogen/Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin

A

Stimulates engorgement of mammary glands with milk; fetal nutrition.

Hormones (2 decks)

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